46 Annals of the South African Museum. 



Figs. 119, 121, and 122 represent the chalcedony implements of 

 the neighbourhood of Victoria Falls. The technique is the same as 

 in many of the Cape Flats type as i-epresented in Figs. 118 and 120. 



Cuts of Figs. 135, which are stone implements found in the 

 ]\Iatoppo caves, where paintings occur, are the very counterpart in 

 size and shape of quartzite scrapers discovered at the foot of the 

 Paarl Eock in the Cape Colony, which show traces of enormously 

 long exposure. 



From the examples given it is seen that the shape or style of 

 paring the scraper-knives or fabricators cannot give a clue to their 

 respective age or to their relation to each other. Nor is the size of 

 the flakes an indication. Some of the Victoria Falls chalcedony 

 implements are certainly as small as many of our Cape-Flats and 

 inland districts neoliths, with the exception of some of the "pygmies," 

 and it may be said that flakes of sandstone or banded jasper are, as 

 a rule, larger than those of silicious or partly silicious rocks. 



Negative, however, as the results of comparison between flake- 

 knives or scrapers, undoubtedly very ancient, and equally un- 

 doubtedly recent, are, we have foi'tunately evidence of another 

 kind which throws light, of a sort, on the progress or regression of 

 the lithic industry in South x'\frica. 



We have examples of a solutrian type in the shape of lance- or 

 javelin-heads, chipped on each side, and laurel- or willow-leaf shaped 

 (Figs. 110, 112) ; of aurignacian-solutrian-type scrapers with plain, 

 secondary trimming of edges, either at one end (Figs. 123, 128) or 

 even all round (Cuts 1 and 2 of Fig. 131). 



We have also tardenosian pygmies (Figs. 140, 141, 143), polished 

 tools, and arrow-heads with tangs (Figs. 116, 117), as well as a bone- 

 and a stone-culture commingled. But this evidence, for reasons 

 which will be duly explained, I include in the South African 

 neolithic. 



This digression into the neolithic period is here necessary for the 

 proper comprehension of the finds in the various deposits which, 

 rightly or wrongly, I assimilate to the chelleo-mousterian of Europe. 



