The Stone Ages of South Africa. 



55 



of the ' Bushman ' deposit, and although there are scrapers near, 

 none are mixed with the large tools. 



" These large implements are not deeply buried in the alluvium ; 

 the majority are on the surface, and when buried are only covered 

 by a few inches of sand, with the exception, of course, of those 

 washed into ' spruits.' 



" The ' Bushman ' deposit is almost wholly confined to the river- 

 banks. Scattered over the veldt, however, are occasionally flakes, 

 lance-like in form, usually broken, and without secondary chipping. 



Fig. 4. — View showing top part of alluvium and implements left behind after 

 soil has been washed away. Three miles north of Cradock. 



With the deposit are quantities of shells, pieces of pottery, and 

 remains of game. Here and there are little piles of broken flags of 

 sandstone, with their faces ground smooth from wear, and water- 

 worn pebbles with one or more ground facets, evidently obtained by 

 being used as mullers or grinders. 



" One cannot estimate the age of the tools from the weathering ; 

 some found at the surface have the exposed side bleached and the 

 unexposed side almost, if not quite, fresh ; " those near the thermal 



* This statement is not entirely borne out by some of the examples received ; in 

 several both faces have a greyish patina, but a patina shared also by many of the 

 smaller "Bushman" implements. 



