62 Annals of the South African Museum. 



the bouchers, showing conclusively that the tools had been made 

 in situ.-'' The origin of the jasper has to be sought, therefore, in the 

 Dwyka conglomerate which crops out about 20 miles south of that 

 spot,! or else the tools were shaped from rough material brought 

 from the northern Karroo. 



But the dates of finds, as well as the names of localities, inscribed 

 on the pieces are not always the same, and it w^ould appear that 

 this Tyumi deposit was not restricted to the bank of the river from 

 where most of the examples were obtained by Mr. Johns, or to the 

 river spruit. Unfortunately I could not keep in touch with that 

 gentleman, who discovered the deposit in 1906. 



But that the makers carried with them their implements during 

 their migrations or wanderings is borne out by the find in an East 

 London shell-mound of a scraper-knife made of yellow jasper. 



The Vereeniging Deposit. 



Mr. J. P. Johnson has given an account of this deposit in the 

 Trans. S. Afric. Phil. Soc, xvi., 1905, p. 107, which he describes 

 thus : — 



" The Vaal in that part has cut a channel deep into the solid rock, 

 and on top of the cliff thus formed, and extending, to my knowledge, 

 some distance east and west of the town, is an old river-terrace 

 consisting of gravel and small boulders embedded in and overlaid by 

 loam. There is a small pit in it, east of the town, where flakes occur 

 in great profusion, and nearly every pebble (which are all of 

 quartzite) | has been chipped. They appear to be largely the result 

 of unsuccessful attempts at manufacturing implements. No finished 

 one has been found in this spot. . . . Mr. Leslie's find is some 

 distance west of the town, where long stretches of the terrace have 

 been furrowed and spread out by the rain. There, for many 

 hundreds of feet, unfinished implements occur in the greatest 

 abundance, the flakes produced in their manufacture by the 

 thousand, while here and there complete specimens are met with. 

 The quartzite seems to have been of too coarse a grain, as a rule, for 

 suitable working, as nearly all the failures and very few finished 

 implements are in this material, the majority of the good specimens 

 being of greenstone (diabase). One or two unfinished examples of 

 chert were found. 



* Bouchers of the same jasper rock have lately been found in the Bedford District 

 not very far from the Tyumi Eiver deposit. 



t A. L. du Toit. X Compare this with the Nooitgedacht find. 



