The Stone Ages of South Africa. 75 



Ehmoceros mercki, Hippopotamus major, &c., in the same manner 

 that it does now, or did till a few years ago, with Elephas africanus 

 (that survivor of the elephants of the same African type to which 

 E. meridionalis and E. antiquus belonged), Rhinoceros simus, our 

 white Rhinoceros which several Palaeontologists consider to be the 

 same as R. mercki, Hippopotamus major, of which H. amphibius is 

 merely a variety, or survivor, &c. 



Hij(Bnea crocuta, the spotted hyaena, which we call here " Tiger 

 Wolf," is now generally identified with the " Cave Hyaena " {Hijcena 

 spehea), the remains of which have been found throughout Europe, 

 from Yorkshire in England to Gibraltar, and as far east as the 

 Madras Presidency in India. 



While its congener H. brunnea was seemingly pertaining more to 

 the warm fauna of the early Pleistocene, H. crocuta kept company 

 with the long-haired, woolly Mammoth, and the equally thickly 

 woolled Rhinoceros tichorrhinus. 



Yet those two descendants of a very ancient race are now re- 

 stricted to a warm climate, where intense cold comparable with that 

 of the second period of the Pleistocene never prevailed.''' 



With such cases of survival before us, it is plain that when we 

 find in caves an accumulation of bones, some of which bear the 

 distinctive marks imprinted on them by the powerful jaws of 

 Hyaena, more corroborative evidence is required to assign great 

 antiquity to the deposit.! 



Mastodon. — Part of the tooth (molar) of a Mastodon has been 

 found in close proximity to, if not actually in, the Barkly West 

 Deposit, of which Mr. A. L. du Toit has given here an account, and 

 is described by E. Fraas.J 



This fragment is the only find of its kind known hitherto, but 

 there is no reason to believe that the find is not genuine, and it will 

 be remembered that the palaeoliths, bouchers or flakes, found in this 

 deposit are extremely worn (see Pis. VIII. and IX., and Fig. 105 in 

 PI. XIII.).j 



I wrote to M. Boule, submitting an account of the find of the 



* Hy<ena hnotnea seems to be eontined now to West Africa ; Hijicna crocuta 

 roams all over Africa, south of the Sahara to the Cape of Good Hope. 



t See account of Hawston Cave, Chapter XVI. 



I " Pleistocane fauna aus den Diamantseifen," Zeits. d. Deutsch. Geol. Ges., 

 1907. 



§ In the Bloemfontein Museum are two bouchers of large size bearing the 

 inscription, "Found 40 feet deep in old course of Vaal River, Barkly West." It 

 is probable that these implements were collected by either Stow or C. Sirr Orpen 

 at the very spot mentioned by Mr. du Toit. 



