The Stone Ai/cs of Soutlt Africa. 77 



complete horn-coi'es measuring 14 feet in the curve. The locality is 

 probably the banks of the Caledon River, in the Orange Free State. 

 Three more, but quite incomplete, examples have been discovered 

 since, one at Bloemboscli, Cape Colony, of which more anon. 



Nearly completing the series of finds of Quaternary deposits, is 

 now recorded a large horse — not zebra. Broom has lately described 

 it under the name of Equun capcnsis.'' The description is mainly 

 based on the left lower jaw, although some teeth, still lai'ger, were 

 available, but were overlooked. 



These remains were discovered in the following manner : The 

 owner of a cattle-ranch, called Bloembosch, some 20 miles from 

 Darling, in the Cape Colony, was much troubled by the advance of 

 sand-dunes which were threatening to cover a perennial spring, and 

 he set about planting a certain kind of grass used to stop their pro- 

 gress. At the foot of that dune, and not far from the spiing, he came 

 across a skull and horn-cores of such a size that his attention was 

 attracted, and he brought part of it to his homestead, where it was 

 seen by Mr. H. M. Oakley, who, being acquainted with the first 

 example of Bubal as baini, recognised at once the relic as belonging 

 to the same animal. He informed me of the find, bringing at the 

 same time a number of bones belonging to the Rhinoceros, Eland, 

 Bubalis, Bubalus, Equus, &c. Both the Geologist and the Palaeon- 

 tologist of the Museum, Mr. du Toit and Dr. Broom, as well as Mr. 

 Bain and myself, visited the place, and we came to the same con- 

 clusion, a conclusion arrived at from different considerations, that 

 these bones had not accumulated at that spot by the formation of a 

 deposit, but had been brought piecemeal to or near the w'ater by 

 beast or man. No complete skeleton was found. 



The teeth of the horse measure 198 mm., and are thus larger than 

 those of the Equus sivalensis. One atlas of Bubalus measures 

 351 mm. in width and 123 mm. in length. 



On the exposed floor of the dune we found the usual accompani- 

 ment of a Midden in proximity to the water : mullers and small 

 scrapers, borers or drills and ostrich-egg-shell beads, two brass 

 buttons, &c. ; and it is difficult indeed to come to any conclusion 

 otber than the occupiers of the midden were responsible for these 

 bones accumulating in that spot. Neither large bouchers nor large 

 scraper-knives were found, and if these large animals were slain by 

 the Strand Looper — and slain by man they undoubtedly were — it 

 must have been done by craft and by means of the tiny, neolithic 

 stone weapons, found in situ. 



* Ann. S. Afric. Museum, vii., 1909, p. 281. 



