The Stone A/fes of South Africa. 79 



But there are still some elements of doubt as to the relative age 

 of this Lake Karar deposit. 



Those who are persuaded that the Chellean-Mousterian boucher 

 is of extreme antiquity may agree that there is nothing to prove that 

 the Palaeoliths and the animals were deposited together during the 

 same epoch. 



To those who think that too great an antiquity is claimed for the 

 Palaeoliths, and that their presence or existence should be reckoned 

 by hundreds instead of thousands of years, the presence in this 

 deposit of large animals, mostly all living at the present time, would 

 seem to militate in favour of their view.''- 



But, as Boule justly remarks, no implement from among those 

 extracted from the Lake can be included in the Neolithic t ; and no 

 remains of the animals now living in the country have been found 

 in the Lake. 



In North- Western Ehodesia there has been discovered at a place 

 called "Broken Hill," in caves of very singular formation, an accu- 

 mulation of bones of different animals, in which the Antelopes pre- 

 dominate, and among them was found a Ehinoceros, said to be an 

 extinct species, on the strength of a femur or tibia. 



In the same deposit were also found small stone implements quite 

 similar to these occurring on the surface, in the Kafue Eiver valley, 

 and greatly resembhng the examples found in the Matoppo caves 

 (PI. XVIL, Fig. 133). 



Mr. Franklin White informs me that he has found in these caves 

 the unmistakable coproliths of the Hyaena, identified, moreover, as 

 such at the British Museum. 



But there seems to have been no absolutely reliable systematic 

 investigation of the layers of these caves' deposits ; and, although it 

 is claimed that this is the first case when stone implements have 

 been, in South Africa, connected with bones of an extinct animal — 

 which is really not a true assertion — the evidence of an extinct 

 species of an hitherto unknown Ehinoceros, based on a leg-bone, is 

 not to be very seriously considered, and still less accepted, by those 

 zoologists or palaeontologists who are aware that even the dentition 

 of these animals is not a sure clue to their specific identity. 



On the other hand. Dr. Broom, our Museum Palaeontologist, is of 

 opinion that among the remains received by us from this Broken 



* H. O. Forbes, " On the Age of the Surface Flint Implements of Egypt and 

 Somaliland," Bull. Liverp. Museums, iii., 1901. 



t Some have, however, been found on the surface close to the Lake, but they 

 belong so unmistakably to the polished stone period that they cannot in the least 

 be associated with the palaeolithic forms. 



