86 Annals of the South African Mnsewn. 



it is very doubtful if, when blunted by use, the opposite cutting or 

 scraping edge was ever made to serve. 



Inland districts * Type. — If we leave the littoral and examine 

 the Mousterian type of the inland districts, we find analogous 

 cases of crude and better finished tools ; but if none has as yet been 

 found to be completely trimmed on each side, that is to say with the 

 complete removal of the bulb of percussion, we meet occasionally 

 with well-finished ones. Cut 1 of Fig. 114 from Swazieland cor- 

 responds to Cut 2 of the same Fig. from the Cape Flats ; the long 

 knives of Fig. 106 from Aliwal North are very elegant and very 

 serviceable tools, and Mr, J. P. Johnson has figured a scraper from 

 the Embabaan Valley, in Swazieland, partly chipped on the reverse 

 side but with the bulb of percussion left, which is probably one of 

 the finest pieces of the '' up-country " type as yet found. 



But the material is now changing. It is no longer the silicious 

 sandstone of the Cape Flats which is such an indication of the 

 locality ; it is an indurated shale that cleaves readily, lydianite, 

 cherty material, jasper, chalcedony, or white quartz, and now we meet 

 with a secondary kind of trimming which can compare only with 

 that of the Aurignacian turning into Solutrian. In the Stormberg, 

 Herschell, the Free State, Griqualand West, a part of the Western 

 Karroo, and even occasionally on the Western littoral of the Cape, we 

 meet scrapers like those of Figs. 123 and 128, in nearly all of which 

 this trimming is at one end.f The " bord abattu " is not accidental, 

 and in many examples, especially those of moderate size, it is the 

 thicker part of the flake which is thus reduced into a bevelled shape. 

 When moderately large, these scrapers answer admirably for re- 

 moving the particles of flesh adhering to a flayed skin, but was this 

 their intended purpose? They greatly vary in size, and examples of 

 Figs. 130 from the Cape middens, minor tools among already minute 

 ones, could hardly be said to have fulfilled this function. Cut 1 of 

 Fig. 131 from Smithfield, Orange Free State, is one of the very 

 few examples known to me that show secondary trimming on more 

 than one edge. In Cuts 3 and 4, given here for purposes of com- 

 parison, the chipping of edge is not intentional, but has been 

 produced by use. Cut 2 of the same figure is even more evenly 

 treated all round than Cut 1 and is from the same locality (Queen's 

 Town, Cape Colony) as Figs. 125, 126 and 127, but in spite of the 

 secondary trimming treatment it cannot be compared with a 



* This type is not restricted to the inland districts, it is occasionally found along 

 the coastal belt east of Algoa Bay. 



t Somewhat in the manner of some of the Magdalenian scrapers. 



