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CHAPTER IX. 

 Taedenosian Type. 



" Pygmy Scrapers or Drills." 



An indubitable fact is the tendency in the manufacture of the 

 points, scrapers, or flake-knives towards a reduction in size. 



We may safely accept the explanation, that the white quartz or 

 agate examples represented in Fig. 151 are intended for the side- 

 pieces of arrow-heads. Those of Fig. 140 may likewise be considered 

 as such. Some of them may have been points also, because the 

 bulb of concussion still left is too small to prevent them from being 

 held firmly in the gum-cement. 



But if we turn to Fig. 143, the use of these small tools so carefully 

 trimmed on one side, tools which are not of the true crescent-shaped 

 European type, whereas Cut 1 of Fig. 149 is nearly so, remains con- 

 jectural. Not conjectural, however, is the purpose of the small, even, 

 minute implements represented in Fig. 144. They, like the upper 

 row of Fig. 146, are the tools used for boring holes in the tiny 

 beads of ostrich egg-shell which are represented in Fig. 146, and 

 were found together with the borers. I purposely term them borers 

 or drills instead of punchers, because the perforation is executed from 

 both sides. These flat beads are represented in all stages of manu- 

 facture in Fig. 146, and all the borers show traces of secondary 

 trimming apart from the serration produced by use. But for the 

 preliminary paring of the fragmented egg-shell, small, simple scrapers 

 have also been used, because the examples in Fig. 141 are found 

 where the aborigines set their workshop, and together with 

 these scrapers are also found the nuclei, or cores, of Fig. 139. 



The examples here figured are from the sand-dune middens of the 

 Cape Peninsula and other places on the coastal belt. But they are 

 not restricted to that part of South Africa. 



These "pygmies" are found all over the country, and their 



