The Stone Ages of Soiitli Africa. 95 



Africa from South to North, and were first noticed, if I mistake not, 

 in India. They occur in Europe, in Austria, England, France, &c. 

 The resemblance of ours to the European is such that M. Cartailhac 

 to whom I submitted some examples, wrote : " I admit that it is 

 greatly surprising to find in your series small pieces akin to ours. 

 Your minute flakes with secondary trimmings {ijctitcs lames d bard 

 abattu) might be mistaken for (se confondraient avcc) those of our 

 French deposits ; but the neolithic of Japan affords surprises of a 

 similar kind." 



That some of the examples figured in Pis. XVIII. -XIX. were 

 intended perhaps as burins or gravers, but more certainly as borers 

 or di'ills, and also as parers, of ostrich egg-shell beads, or cutting- 

 pieces to be fixed by gum-cement to poisoned arrows, I have already 

 explained. But it is not certain — at least, the finds made hitherto 

 do not substantiate the belief — that these pygmy implements from 

 elsewhere than Africa served the purpose they did in South Africa. 

 The ostrich was not found in early neolithic time in Europe, nor 

 can I find, in the mural paintings or engravings of Central and 

 Southern Europe, figures that can be said to resemble it ; moreover, 

 no trace of this bird has been as yet discovered in those deposits 

 which we ascribe to the early, middle, or late Pleistocene of Europe. 



It may, therefore, be taken for granted that the boring or paring 

 tools were not fabricated in the Northern Hemisphere for the pur- 

 pose of making ostrich-shell beads. But in the Palaeolithic deposits 

 of Europe, shells, marine or fluviatile, were perforated in a manner 

 implying clearly that they were suspended or strung for ornament, =■' 

 and teeth were bored for the same purpose ; and how could they 

 have been so treated but by the use of these very drilling tools. 



The deposits or "stations" where these European "pygmies" 

 occur are usually near the sea, along rivers, or close to lakes and 

 ponds. It is claimed for them that some were used as hooks, others 

 to barb harpoons. It is clearly proved that, as far as the French 

 pygmy deposits are concerned, whenever culinary remains are pre- 

 served, they show that the makers fed on fish and molluscs. 



The crescept-shaped implements of PI. XVIII., Fig. 143, both 

 edges of which are, however, very sharp, and thus differ from the 

 qiiartier d'orange shape of Fig. 149, are found close to the sea, 



* A kind of short petticoat covered or adorned with the shells of Nattsa neritea 

 was discovered with the skeletons of two young Troglodytes inhumed together in 

 the upper floor of the Grimaldi caves ; two found on the lower floor, which 

 proved to be of the negroid type, bore round the head and the wrist, respectively 

 strings of the same shell. 



