144 Annals of the South African Museum. 



only a short distance. Therein were discovered three complete 

 human skulls and two lower jaws, but no other human bones. 

 Under the accumulation of animal remains that filled these fissures 

 other human skulls, parts of skulls, and a small number of other 

 human bones were discovered ; also a few bits of calcined wood, and 

 one small stone-scraper. There had been no percolation of water 

 through the roof or sides, and we were told that the workman w^ho 

 discovered the entrance had found several skeletons, but that, 

 hearing of our arrival to investigate the contents of the cave, he had 

 reburied them no one knew where, and had disappeared. He cer- 

 tainly was not to be found at the time of our visit, nor has he been 

 heard of for the last three years. 



The person who brought me information regarding this cave had 

 with him a number of bones and teeth, and among them the two 

 implements figured in PI. XXVII., Fig. 202, which are, or were, 

 primarily the horn core of the Cape Eland {Taurotragus oryx). 

 Several of the bones alluded to, including the horn cores, bore 

 traces of chipping, of which traces it was very difficult to say 

 whether they had been caused by cutting stone implements or by 

 the gnawing of animals such as the hyaena, the teeth of which leave 

 on the bones it has gnawed most characteristic traces. But a 

 second examination of the cave settled that point. Marrow bones 

 had been cut open both artificially and by crunching ; a few of the 

 former bore still traces of charring, whereas those crunched by 

 either hytcnas or possibly also by lions showed on each side of the 

 fracture the marks of teeth. Moreover, many bones not containing 

 marrow, such as those of the elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, 

 had their ends plainly gnawed. Many of the smaller bones bore 

 also the imprints of the teeth of small carnivora. The characteristic 

 marks left by the hyaena, especially on thick long bones, so greatly 

 resemble that produced by the slanting blow of a hatchet, that had 

 no human remains been ultimately discovered in these fissures one 

 might have been justified in considering these two horn cores as 

 part of the animals devoured or gnawed by beasts of prey. But on 

 close examination I found that the upper right part of Cut 1 of 

 Fig. 202, from the top to the beginning of the curve, and a little 

 before the middle, is not gnawed, but deeply bruised, evidently by 

 pounding, and that the original contour of the opposite side bears 

 no such marks. This core was thus used as a club, and it is indeed 

 a very effective one. The other horn core exhibits very plain, slant- 

 ing cuts at the end of its thicker part, but there is no corresponding 

 traces of biting on the opposite side. The only conclusion we can 



