Tlie Stone Ages of South Africa. 159 



compare these results carefully. Let us therefore examine in detail 

 the domestic utensils found in these Outeniqua-Tzitzikama caves. 



Of stone implements we have large scraper-knives, several are 

 figured (PI. XIII., Fig. 104) ; some have worn edges, in others that 

 part is sharp. None of these, however, seems to have been buried 

 with the corpse, whereas the ornaments of the defunct in several 

 cases were.'-'' The two exceptions known are the hafted tool 

 (Pig 150, PI. XIX.) from the Touw Eiver cave discovered by Mr. 

 Dumbleton, and another from Eob Berg, acquired lately by the 

 Graham's Town Museum. 



The knife-scrapers are of the same material and shape as 

 those found at Cape St. Blaize, and may be of any age, but we 

 possess a lanciform one w^hich is as much worn by exposure as 

 any I have selected in order to demonstrate the antiquity of 

 these artefacts. 



The other stone implements are pounders and grinders of the 

 usual shape (Figs. 168 and 170, PL XXIII.), some are somewhat 

 cylindrical but they concord more or less with those found in the 

 open-air middens. 



Then, we have the ! kwes, but although it may safely be said 

 that two of these perforated, or partly perforated, stones are never 

 alike, we notice in those occurring in the Tzitzikama caves a great 

 difference. None is as large or as thick as those found up-country 

 or outside the shelters. There is a tendency to flatness, and even 

 to reduce the natural flatness of the stone selected ; Cut 2 of 

 Fig. 156, PI. XX. is only 1 cm. thick, and No. 3, 2 cm. in thickness. 

 I know of examples one face of which has plainly been ground to 

 reduce the thickness, and the convexity of the other side is very 

 little pronounced. The median orifice of those flat disks is very 

 small, cf. Cut 2 of Fig. 156, PI. XX. This disk is so thin that it 

 might be taken for a spindle-weight, whereas it is doul)tless an 

 ornament. One side of Cut 3 of Fig. 156 shows plain marks of it 

 having been used as a grinding tool. Even the larger ! kwes, 

 perforated or not, are somewhat depressed (Cut 1 of Fig. 155), 

 and in this they correspond to a good many examples found in 

 the Cape Peninsula and also in the inland districts {cf. Nos. 1, 3, 

 5, of Fig. 153, PI. XX.). 



These flat disks with a very small perforation are not, however, 

 absolutely restricted to these caves. Cut 1 of Fig. 156 was found in 

 the Stellenbosch District while ploughing a field. But it is the 

 only implement of this kind found outside the Tzitzikama area. 



* See also Appendix. 



