162 Annals of the South African Museum. 



effective instrument for detaching shell-fish. Judging from the 

 length and slant of the cutting part its maker and presumably 

 owner, was left-handed. Cut 2 of Fig. 193 is an ivory knife 

 that has seen much service. It is a stout one, bearing on both 

 faces the unmistakable traces of the small stone implements w^hich 

 helped to fashion it into its present shape. Cut 1 of the same Fig. 

 is a strong borer, also made of bone. All these bone tools bear 

 that unmistakable patina that long use at man's hand imparts. 



The ornaments that have been found in the Tzitzikama caves, 

 seem to consist mostly of shells perforated so as to be strung, or 

 worn singly. Thus in Fig. 203, PL XXVII., the perforation of the 

 shell {Gonus rosacens) is transverse, and was caused, therefore, by a 

 cutting implement ; Fig. 204, a limpet {Patella cochlear), is, on the 

 other hand, perforated by a piercer, and so are all the shells of 

 Cassts achatina (Fig. 205), which formed either a necklace or a girdle. 

 These examples were found on the skeletons or adhering to 

 them, and anklets of ostrich egg-shell beads, recalling the form and 

 size of those encircling the lower part of the trunk of the semi- 

 fossilised skeleton of the Blaauwberg midden, were discovered on the 

 ankles and arms of one of the inhumed children in the Coldstream 

 cave and the Touw's Eiver caves. 



This would show that although it may not have been a general 

 practice the ornaments were buried with the body. 



And now the question arises, Do these traces of culture, simple 

 though they are, denote a more advanced stage in the troglodytic 

 Strand Looper, for Strand Loopers they indubitably were — than in 

 those that lived in the open-air middens, or in the up country caves 

 or rock-shelters ? The answer is in the negative. 



In one of my papers on Eock-engravings of animals, the human 

 figure, &C.,'*' I have by inadvertence allowed to be printed the 

 statement that it was very doubtful if the Strand Looper belonged 

 to the artistic race with which the Bushman is coimected, because 

 so far no relic of art in any form had been found in their shelters 

 or sepultures. I had the less justification in allowing this state- 

 ment, which was really intended to disprove the connection between 

 rock-gravings aud Bushmen as the aborigines that produced them, 

 to go to press, that for many years we had in our Collection a 

 fragment of rock found in one of the Knysna caves, by Mr. Cheva- 

 lier, somewhere in the early seventies. 



This picture (Fig. 200, PI. XXVIL), is not of parietal, or wall nature ; 

 it was executed on a fallen rock fragment. In view of what we 

 ♦ Trans. S. Afric. Phil. Soc, xviii., 1909, p. 418. 



