The Stone Ages of South Africa. 195 



gradually drifted out of this industry into the bone or neolithic 

 manufacture represented by the ! kwes, mullers, small scrapers, and 

 the like. 



Physical Characters. 



It is well-nigh impossible to distinguish now from outer appear- 

 ance a so-called Colonial Bushman from a native of Hottentot origin. 

 Personally I have given up the attempt. Von Luschan admits also 

 that during his visit in South Africa he was greatly puzzled to decide 

 if a given individual was a Bushman or a Hottentot. " Some were 

 claimed to be Hottentots by local residents with the same ardour 

 with which others assured me that they were real and thoroughbred 

 Bushmen." -■'• He suggests that only the language could finally 

 decide the question. 



The suggestion, if followed, would not prove at all conclusive, 

 because a Bush child may have been brought up among Hottentots, 

 and vice versa ; and it must be remembered that the very difficulty 

 in deciding now between these two closely related ethnic groups is 

 caused by natural intercourse. 



This contention is more than supported by the study of physical! 

 characters. Our collection of skulls and skeletons of the Hottentots 

 and Bush people was submitted to Dr. F. C. Shrubsall, who has 

 dealt with them at length. Not only did he base his conclusions on 

 our own material, but also on all, or nearly all, that obtainable in 

 Great Britain. 



In his report t he approaches the subject as follows : — 



" The earliest remains of the Bushmen peoples of South Africa, 

 would appear to be those of the Strandloopers found in the caves of 

 the south-eastern seaboard. On cultural grounds they are said to 

 be of a somewhat different type to the inland Bushmen of the 

 present day. It becomes, therefore, a matter of some interest to 

 compare the features of the two. 



" The averages are compared with those obtained from surround- 

 ing races. The purity of each stock is then tested, and it will be 

 shown that the Strandloopers are more homogeneous than the other 

 Bushmen. The Hottentots are then dealt with, and shown to be 

 intermediate in characters between the Strandloopers or primitive 

 Bushmen and the Bantu tribe. It appears that if the Hottentots 



9 per cent, of the Egyptian skulls he examined belong, he finds of common occur- 

 rence in the Bush race, and for this reason he applies the term " boschmanoid " to 

 this Egyptian type (" Archiv. p. Anthrop. e. EthnoL," vol. 38, 1908). 



* Rep. S. Afric. Ass. Adv. Sc, 3, 1905, p. 118. 



t Ann. S. Afric. Museum, vol. v., 1907. 



