196 Annals of the South African Musewn. 



are a cross between these two races the interminghng must have 

 taken place a long time ago, as the Hottentots' skulls form a very 

 homogeneous series. The Bushmen and Hottentots are then com- 

 pared with the Pygmies of Central Africa, whom in many respects 

 they resemble, and with the populace of Egypt, with whom it has 

 been thought they might have come in contact." 



The conclusions Shrubsall ari'ives at may be summarised as 

 follows : — 



1. " Hottentots are intermediate in all respects between the Bush- 

 men and the Bantu-speaking peoples, while the Strandloopers are 

 further removed from these than the other Bushmen." 



2. " The cranial capacity of Strandloopers (7) is 1,345 cm., of Bush- 

 men (24) 1,285 cm. Previous observations had given the capacity 

 of the skull of the male Bushman at 1'330 cm., of the female at 

 1-255 cm. The range of variation in the Strandlooper is from 

 1-185 c.c. to 1-515 c.c, and in the Bushmen 1-060 c.c. to 1'570 c.c. 

 With these may be compared : Hottentot 1-365 c.c. Eastern Bantu 

 1-520 c.c, Western Bantu 1-420 c.c." 



3. " From this (a giveir table) it would appear that the Strand- 

 loopers are a less variable group than the skulls collected under the 

 general title of Bushmen. . . . On the other hand, it is far less 

 easy to separate the skulls of a mixed group of Hottentots and 

 natives of Nyassaland. . . . The Bushmen, and still more the 

 Strandloopers, are further removed from the negroid type than are 

 the Hottentots." 



4. "The Pygmy is quite distinct from all these groups, but in 

 relative dimensions (of male skulls) resembles the western group 

 of Bantu, occupying the seaward margin of the great forest zone." 



And Shrubsall sums up as follows : — 



" The Strandloopers appear in all respects to be a purer group 

 than the Bushmen, and to be distinct from the Hottentots, though 

 the influence of chance selection cannot be quite excluded, owing 

 perhaps to the small amount of material available. 



"The up-country Bushman appears intermediate between the 

 Strandloopers and Hottentots. 



" The Hottentots present dimensions exactly intermediate between 

 the preceding and the Bantu. They show in many features a small 

 coefficient of variation, which tends to prove that the cross, if 

 such is the true explanation, was of some standing and very 

 complete. In many characters they approach the Negroes of 

 British Central Africa more closely than the Kaffir tribes of the 

 East Coast. 



