The Stone Ages of South Africa. 197 



" The net result of the additions to the averages has been to mark 

 out the Bushman race in some respects more sharply than before, 

 and to show clearly that, although they approach the Simian type 

 more closely than the other branches of mankind, the gap separating 

 the two is very great." 



Exception may, perhaps, be taken to the number of skulls, on the 

 measurements of which Shrubsall's conclusions rest. He had at his 

 disposal 105 ; but it is quite possible that the skulls labelled Hottentot 

 or Bush were not classified with sufficient accuracy. From the time 

 his paper was published — end of 1907 — I procured him sixty-two 

 additional skulls, with the history of nearly all. Those will form the 

 subject of an important paper, which I had hoped would have been 

 published at the same time as the present one. 



This new material corroborates more and more Shrubsall's first 

 conclusions. He writes as follows: "I am quite unable to dis- 

 tinguish between Hottentots and Bushmen. . . . The Bushmen are 

 dolichocephalic. The Strandloopers are mesaticephalic, and nearer 

 to the brachycephalic, but under eighty in index. Hottentots are 

 more dolichocephalic. . . . 



" The skulls of the George, Kynsna and Humansdorp caves 

 can be distinguished at sight." . . . And on my questions respect- 

 ing the possibility or improbability of a connection between the 

 Strandlooper and the race of Grimaldi (Monaco), negroid cum 

 australoid, and others he answ^ers : "The brow ridges are more 

 marked in the Strandloopers than in the Negro, and in this feature 

 they are nearer palaeolithic man." 



All this evidence of physical characters seems thus to corroborate 

 the conclusion I had arrived at on purely cultural evidence — that the 

 Strand Loopers were ethnically older in South Africa than either the 

 so-called Bush or the Hottentot. 



In addition to the evidence derived from craniology or osteological 

 measurements, there are other physical characters which, although 

 not indicated by the skeleton, are, however, of very great importance. 

 I have already stated that I have given up distinguishing, now, 

 between a so-called Bushman or a so-called Hottentot. Nor am I so 

 sure that the early Colonists did discriminate between the two from a. 

 differentiation in physical appearance only. Those who had herds 

 of cattle, and were not too small, were Hottentots ; the others, who 

 lived mostly by the chase or kept no cattle or sheep, and were small, 

 were Boschiesmeu. 



Fortunately Sir John Barrow, anxious to see w^ho these so-called 

 Bushmen were in reality, and in all likelihood commissioned by Lord 



