The Stone Ages of South Africa. 211 



Figs. 168 and 170. Several large ones, plainly used as hammers, 

 are broken by the force of impact ; the ends of others are strongly 

 abraded, &c. ! Kw6s were met with on or near the surface, but a 

 broken one was found at some depth and close to a rimming stone. 



On the other hand, these implements show no sign of old age, nor 

 could they, owing to the position in which they were found. Manu- 

 factured on the spot, as shown by the flakes, finished or partly finished 

 in sitil, they would be covered rapidly by, or lost in, the debris. Their 

 scarcity is, however, not easily explained. 



Along the littoral, and especially at the St. Blaize rock-shelter 

 below the lighthouse, there have been found, not in the shelter but 

 in the open, long flakes similar in texture and execution to some 

 which I had occasion to examine lately, and also bouchers not unlike 

 in technique, and especially in "modern" appearance, those from 

 Coldstream ; an appearance, and also a certain similarity, equally 

 shared by some of the implements found at Fishhook and Cradock 

 (see Chapter VI.). 



Does it follow, however, that these implements of palaeolithic type 

 are comparatively modern? The Coldstream shelter has, in all 

 probability, been occupied many times over. On the surface of the 

 floor have been found objects truly modern, such as parts of a tinder- 

 box. Our search near the parietal part has yielded pieces of copper 

 of what was presumably a ship's compass. But at a depth of from 

 8 to 14 feet the skeletons found are no longer of the dwarfish stature 

 of the Strand Loopers. We have a much longer-limbed, more robust 

 race — which is at present under investigation — the presence of which 

 is not easily accounted for. No complete skull has as yet been found. 

 Whatever be the race, however, the implements of South African 

 neolithic type, as well as of the palaeolithic, are found in the same 

 strata in which the skeletons of the small race and of the latter race 

 occur, and there are no means so far of identifying the antiquity of 

 either. 



But, in spite of the reservations I made regarding drawing 

 conclusions from the appearance or workmanship of knife- or 

 scraper-flakes, when dealing with the geological evidence I have 

 mentioned on page 80, the raised beach in which a knife-scraper 

 flake was found by Dr. A. W. Eogers : "a piece of quartzite which 

 appears to have been shaped by man — in limestone which must have 

 been formed at a time when the land stood at least 15 feet lower 

 than now." 



This flake-knife is of the same texture and style of manufacture as 

 others found in caves or shelters of that part of the littoral, and also 



