376 PHYSICAL STEUCTUEE Al^B GEOLOGY OF ATJSTEALIA, 



Very ricli copper reins have been found in rocks o£ probably 

 Cambrian age in South Australia. The ore is sulphide. As a 

 rule, deposits of carbonates of copper in Australia have not proved 

 j)ermanent. Manganese, Antimony, Bismuth, and Grraphite are 

 also found in the Cambrian Eocks, but are not worked. 



Characteristic Cambrian G-raptolites are found in connection 

 with gold-bearing veins. The species are identical with those 

 found in Sweden, Bohemia, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, and the 

 United States of America. E/Ocks which, by their included 

 fossils, are seen to be the equivalents of the Silurian of Europe 

 and America are found in Victoria (Kilmore), iSTew South Wales 

 (Tass, &c.), Queensland (Eockhampton), and Tasmania. 



Eossils identical with species of the AVenlock and Ludlow beds 

 and those most abundant forms of Bohemian Silurian life, as 

 Fliacops (^Portlochla) fecimdus, Barrande, are equally abundant 

 in the Yering beds, near Melbourne. 



Devonian rocks, with characteristic fossils, often identical with 

 those of Europe, are found very extensively developed in Victoria 

 (North Gippsland), in New South Wales (Mount Lambie, Sofala, 

 Lachlan Eiver), in Queensland (Gympie, Burdekin, Mount 

 AVyatt). In connection with upper Devonian Eocks we have 

 metalliferous veins, gold, and copper. The mines in G-ympie 

 are of great richness. Devonian copper veins have not hitherto 

 proved very productive. 



True carboniferous plants are found in a few places in New 

 South AVales ; not, however, in connection with coal, as at Stroud, 

 Arowa, and in Queensland, the Drummond Eange. Marine 

 carboniferous fossils are found in the basin of the Hunter Eiver, 

 generally throughout Tasmania, and in Queensland (Bo wen 

 Eiver). It is a remarkable peculiarity of these marine beds that 

 they are interstratified with plants of a character which is con- 

 sidered Lower Mesozoic in Europe and India. They are probably 

 Permian or Triassic. 



