THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
RPENTINE-TREE. A common name for various 
species of Abies, Pinus, Pistacia, Zoe, 
RPENTINE VESSELS. ‘Tubes formed in 
the interstices of tissue, into which turpentine or such 
secretions are naturally drained during the growth of a 
plant. They are common in Conifers” (Lindley). 
TURPINIA (named in honour of P. Turpin, French 
botanical artist and naturalist, who died in 1840). Syns. 
Dalrymplea, Eyrea, Lacepedea, Ochranthe, Triceraia. 
ORD. Sapindacee. A genus embracing about eight 
species of stove or greenhouse, glabrous trees or shrubs, 
inhabiting India, the Indian Archipelago, China, the 
West Indies, and the northern provinces of South 
America. Flowers white, small, in spreading, axillary 
and terminal panicles; calyx five-cleft; petals five, or-- 
bicular, sessile, imbricated; stamens five. Fruit nearly 
globose, three-celled. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, impari- 
pinnate or very rarely simple; leaflets opposite, serru- 
lated, sometimes stipellate, coriaceous. Branchlets terete. 
The species known in gardens are here described. They 
thrive in a compost of peat, loam, and sand. Propa- 
gation may be effected by ripened cuttings, inserted in 
sand, under a glass, in heat. 
T. arguta (sharp). 9. dirty-white, or purplish when in bud ; inner 
sepals and petals oblong-ovate, about equal in length, the two 
outer sepals rather smaller; panicle dense, terminal. March. J. 
H crenate, Ain. to Gin, long, glabrous. h. 3ft. Go 4ft. China, 
1 Greenhouse shrub. SYN. Ochranthe arguta (B. R. 1819). 
T. 4 (remarkable). fl. sweet-scented ; calyx segments 
unequal; petals very shortly unguiculate; panicle terminal. 
May. J. serrulated. À. 20ft. exico, 1847. A handsome, stove 
tree, SYN. Lacepedea insignis, 
T. nepalensis (Nepaul). A synonym of T. pomifera. 
UT. occidentalis (Western). Cassava Wood. fl., primary divisions 
. of the panicle racemiform, opposite, bearing small corymbs, 
of which the upper ones are usually alternate. May. fr. dark 
blue. Z., leaflets two or three , elliptic-oblong, crenate or 
serrate, glabrous, petiolulate, stipellate. h. 20ft. to 30ft. West 
Indies, 1824. Stove tree. à 
T. pomifera (apple-bearing) J, primary branches of the 
gg opposite. May. * red, purplish, yellow, or green, 
in. to Jin. in diameter. /. Sin, to 20in. long: leaflets three to 
nine, elliptic, oblong, or ovate, acuminate, 2jin. to 8in. long. 
A. 25ft. or less. India and China, 1820. Stove shrub or tree. 
(B. F. S. 159, under name of T. nepalensis.) 
(of Persoon) A synonym of Poiretia 
‘(which see). 
TURERJEA (named in honour of George Turra, 1607- 
1688, Professor of Botany at Padua, and author of 
several botanical works). Orp. Melíacew. A genus 
comprising about sixteen species of stove or greenhouse 
trees or shrubs, inhabiting tropieal and South Africa, 
tropical Asia, and Australia. Flowers white, elongated; 
calyx four or five-toothed or parted; petals four or 
five, elongated, free, twisted; staminal 
tube cylindrical, four or five-toothed; 
anthers four or five, included or ex- 
serted; disk absent; peduncles axillary, 
few - flowered, many - bracted. ` Leaves 
alternate, petiolate, entire or obtusely 
lobed. The best-known species are here 
described. A compost of loam and 
peat is most suitable for their culture. 
Propagation may be effected by cuttings 
of ripened wood, with the leaves intact, 
inserted in sand, under a glass, in heat. 
T. hetero lla, (variable-leaved). . clus- 
tered at the ends of the oe tb pe 
to fourteen lines long, shorter than the style ; 
Fee silky-tomentose, three to eight lines 
ong. May. i. short-stalked, ovate, acute or 
obtusely pointed, 2in. to Ain. long, undivided 
or sub-trilobed, the young ones pubescent 
beneath. Upper Guinea, 1843. Stove shrub. 
(B. R. xxx. 4, under name of 7. lobata.) 
T. obtusifolia (obtuse-leaved)* yl, on soli- 
tary, axillary peduncles six to ten lines long; 
EM BACH "to din ton rie 
* * in. long, narrow 
into short petioles, entire ir obtelely three- 
| 
Turrea—continued. 
lobed, with revolute margins, glabrous on both sides, paler 
beneath. Branches glabrous. A. 4ft. to 6ft. South Africa, 1872 
Greenhouse shrub. (B. M. 6267.) š 
T. da (rigid) d. in sessile fascicles from nodes of branches 
or old wood ; corolla jin. to lin. long, tubular, at first silky on the 
outside. April l. alternate, short-stalked, entire, firm, obtuse 
or acute, fin. to 6in. long, penninerved. Mauritius, 1816. A 
glabrous, stove bush or tree. 
TURRITIS. Included under Arabis. 
TURTLE HEAD, o TURTLE BLOOM. See 
Chelone. 
TUSSACA. A synonym of Goodyera (which see). 
TUSSACIA (named after F. R. de Tussac, a French 
botanist, who wrote a Flora of the Antilles in 1803). 
Syn. Chrysothemis. ORD. Gesneraceew. A small genus 
(four or five species) of stove herbs, with creeping, simple 
or branched rhizomes, natives of the West Indies, Guiana, 
and Columbia. Calyx often scarlet, free, ample, cam- 
panulate, five-angled or five-winged; corolla yellow, lined 
with purple, the tube rather broadly cylindrical, the limb 
oblique, erecto-patent, broadly five-lobed; stamens in- 
cluded ; peduncles umbellately many-flowered, in the upper 
axils, disposed in a terminal corymb. Leaves opposite, 
often ample; upper floral ones reduced to bracts. The 
only species introduced are here described. Both are 
perennials. For culture, see Gresnera. 
T. nitida (shining). A synonym of Catopsis nitida. 
T. pulchella (pretty).* fl., calyx red, the lobes deltoid, serrated ; 
corolla nearly regular, lin. to Lin, long, the tube erect, cylin- 
drical, half as long again as the calyx. July. J. ovate or ovate- 
oblong, acute, Sin. to Tin. long, crenate-serrate above the narrow- 
cuneate base, scarcely petiolate. A. lft. West Indies, 1830. 
Syn. Besleria pulchella (B. M. 1146; L. B. C. 1028). 
T. semi-clausa (half-closed). fl., calyx cinnabar - red, cam- 
panulate, truncate ; corolla golden-yellow, radiately striped with 
crimson - purple; umbels forming short, terminal panicles. 
l. broadly ovate, pubescent, dentate-ciliate, bright green. Stems 
branching, fleshy, spotted with red. Brazil, 1870. A showy 
plant. (I. H. ser. iii. 28.) In some varieties, the stems and 
petioles are violet-coloured. : 
TUSSILAGO (the old Latin name used by Pliny, 
and derived from tussis, a cough; alluding to the 
medicinal use of the leaves). Coltsfoot. ORD. Composite. 
A monotypic genus. The species, T. Farfara, is a British, 
scapigerous herb, with rather large, yellow flowers and 
cobwebby leaves. As the flower-head dies away, the 
scape lengthens, and finally bears a head of white, serrated 
pappus hairs, The leaves are used for cigar making, and 
are smoked in cases of asthma. The species and its 
variety thrive in any soil, and, if required, may be pro- 
pagated by cutting up the long, creeping rhizomes. Other 
plants formerly included here will be found under Homo- 
gyne, Petasites, &c. 
FiG. 156. TUSSILAGO FARFARA VARIEGATA. 
