THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
TYLE BERRY. A common name for Jatropha 
multifida (which see). 
US. A synonym of Cyrtopodium 
(which see). 
TYLOGLOSSA. Asynonym of Justicia (which see). 
TYLOPHORA (from tylos, a swelling, and phoreo, 
to bear; probably in reference to the coronal lobes). 
Including Hybanthera. ORD. Asclepiadem. A genus 
comprising about forty species of stove, twining or rarely 
sub-erect sub-shrubs or herbs, inhabiting tropical and 
sub-tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia, New Caledonia, 
and Norfolk Island. Flowers rather small, sometimes 
minute ; calyx deeply five-cleft or five-parted ; corolla tube 
short, sub-rotate, deeply five-cleft, the lobes rather broad ; 
coronal lobes five, fleshy; cymes umbelliform or shortly 
racemose. Leaves opposite. The species are not very 
ornamental. Only three call for description here; they 
are all twining sub-shrubs. For culture, see Hoya. 
T. asthmatica (anti-asthmatic) East Indian Ipecacuanha. 
Jt. n, rather large, on long pedicels ; corolla segments acute, 
peduncles shorter than the leaves, bearing two or three sessile, 
ew-flowered umbels towards the apex. November. 
nearly round, acuminate, often cordate at base, glabrous above ; 
RS? es glandless, sub-terete. A. 5ft, India, 1814. (B. M. Pl 
77; B. M. 1929, under name of Cynanchum viridiflorum.) 
T. barbata (bearded). fl. dingy-purple, not numerous, in one 
or rarely two umbels ; corolla jin. broad, slightly bearded inside. 
July. on slender petioles, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 
not cordate, lin. to 2in. long. A. 10ft. Australia, 1822. 
T. grandiflora (large-flowered). fl. purple, one to three on a 
short, interpetiolar peduncle; corolla lin. across, the lobes 
obtuse. July. I on slender petioles, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 
shortly and acutely acuminate, more or less cordate, lin. to 
2in. long, pubescent. À. 10ft. Australia, 1822. 
TYMPANANTHE. A synonym of Dictyanthus 
(which see). 
TYPHA (the old Greek name used by Theophrastus). 
Bullrush; Cat's Tail; Club-rush; Reed Mace. ORD. 
Typhacee. A genus comprising about ten species of 
slender or robust, stove or hardy, marsh-loving herbs, 
found in tropical and temperate regions. Male and 
female spadices similar, superposed, nearly terminating 
the peduncle, caducous or remote, naked or with a very 
caducous, stipitate spathe; peduncle erect, terete, straight, 
slender or robust, undivided. Radical leaves elongated- 
linear, rather thick and spongy; cauline ones few, 
shorter. The two British species, which thrive in rivers, 
ditches, and ponds, are here described. They may be 
increased by seeds, sown in a pot plunged nearly to the 
level of the soil in water; or by division of the 
rhizomes. : 
l. ovate or 
T. angustifolia (narrow-leaved) Small Bullrush. fl. brown; 
spikes Jin. to jin. in diameter, sopari al by jin. to lin., the 
female often interrupted. July. ¿L lin. to jin. broad, dark 
green, not glaucous, convex beneath, channelled towards the 
1386) Plant smaller in all its parts than 7. latifolia. (Sy. En. B. 
T. latifolia (broad-leaved). Cat-o’-nine-tails; : 
Reed Mace, Fs Jt. dark E spikes Sé i e 
lin. in diameter, contiguous or nearly so, silky from the copious 
filiform perianth scales. July and August. I distichous, 3ft. 
to 6ft. long, Zin. to 14in. broad, linear, obtuse, nearly flat, sub- 
glaucous. Stem 3ft. to 7ft. high, terete. (Sy. En. B. 1385.) 
| TYPHACEJE. A small natural order of aquatic or 
marsh.loving herbs, with perennial rhizomes, inhabiting 
Europe, temperate and tropical Asia, Australia, and 
temperate North America. Flowers small, inserted on 
a monoecious spadix, or by abortion dicecious, in heads 
or dense spikes; perianth none; stamens of the males 
numerous, accompanied by bristles or membranous scales; 
anthers two-celled; ovaries of the females accompanied 
by bristles or scales, sessile, or on long stalks when 
ripe. Fruits membranous or sub-drupaceous, one or 
rarely two-celled, sessile or stipitate. Leaves alternate, 
linear, entire, erect and emerging or floating, sheathing 
at base; cauline ones subtending the spadices, or form- 
ing an involucre before flowering. Stems cylindric, not 
Typhacezs—continued. 
knotty, solid, simple or branched. The pollen of Typha 
is made into bread by the natives of Scind and New 
Zealand. Only a couple of. genera — Sparganium and 
Typha—and sixteen species are included in this order. 
TYPHONIUM (from Typhon, a mythological giant; 
the name was given by the ancients to some Aroid). 
Including Heterostalis. ORD. Aroidew (Aracem). A genus 
embracing about thirteen species of stove, tuberous, 
perennial herbs, inhabiting tropical Asia, Australasia, 
and the Pacific Islands. Flowers moneecious, the males 
and females remote; spathe tube convolute, acerescent, 
persistent, the throat constricted, the lamina ovate or 
lanceolate, acute or. acuminate, erect or recurved, 
deciduous; spadix sessile or stipitate, included, the 
appendage variable, often stipitate ; 
short. Leaves cotemporary with the flowers, sagittate 
or hastate, three to five-lobed or parted, or pedatisect, 2 
the petiole elongated. The species known to cultivation — 
are described below. They thrive in light, rich soil, and 
during the growing season require an abundant supply 
of water. After the leaves have died down, water must be 
withheld until growth recommences. The pots containing 
the tubers can be stored away in any dry, warm. place. 
Propagation is effected by division of the tubers. 
T. Brownii (Brown’s).* fl., spathe with the convolute base 
ovoid, the lamina Am, to 5in. long, very broad, of a deep purple 
inside; male and female spikes about jin. long, lin. distant; 
peduncle shorter than the petiole. April. ¿Z divided into three 
narrow or broad-lanceolate lobes or segments, the lateral ones 
horizontally divaricate, 4in. to 6in. long, the middle one usually 
rather longer and narrower; petioles 6in. to 12in. long. Aus- 
tralia, 1875. (B. M. 6180.) 
T. cuspidatum (cusped). fl., spathe tube n, ovoid or 
oblong; lamina lanceolate, prolonged into a whip-like process, 
or shorter and acuminate; spadix whitish, shorter or longer 
than the lamina, sometimes very long, the appendix very shortly 
stipitate, conico-subulate; peduncle slender, scarcely one-third 
the length of the petioles. J. sagittate or hastate, oblong 
and scarcely cordate at base, or three-lobed or parted ; petioles 
three or four times longer than the blades. E lft. Bengal, 
Java, &c., 1819. SYN. Arum Jlagelliforme (L. B. C. 396). 
T. divaricatum (divaricate). fl., spathe tube oblong-ovoid, 
the lamina dark pare ovate, long-acuminate ; peduncle usually 
short. July. l. cordate or hastate-sagittate, somewhat three- 
lobed; middle lobe somewhat ovate or oblong-ovate, acute 
or acuminate, twice as long as the ovate or lanceolate lateral 
lobes; petioles slender, twice as long as the blades. k. 2ft. 
East Indies, 1759. Syns. T. trilobatum (of Curtis), Arum divari- 
catum, A. trilobatum (B. M. 339; L. B. C. 516), A. t. auriculatum 
(B. M. 2324). 
. diversifolium elianum (Huegel's variable-leaved). 
J, spathe erect, 4in. to Tin. long; lamina rich velvety purplish- 
brown inside, reticulated with pale green at base and apex; 
"ex shorter than the spathe; appendix 2in. to 2sin. ione. 
blackish; ovaries purple; stigmas white. /. one or two, very 
variable in form, sagittate, hastate, or five-lobed, with the 
basal lobes directed upwards, Himalayas, 1879. SYN. Hetero- 
stalis Huegeliana. d 
T. trilobatum (three-lobed). Jl., wats tube oblong; lamina 
eenish outside, rose-purple within, oblong-ovate, acuminate, 
our times as long as the tube; spadix with a terete, conical, 
shortly stipitate appendix ; peduncle slender, one-third the length 
of the petioles. l. hastate, sub-tripartite ` lobes all broadly ovate, 
acuminate ; petioles nearly thrice as long as the blades. A. lift. 
H 
East Indies, 1714. SYNs. Arum orimense (A. B. R. 356; B. R. 
450; L. B. C. 422). : 
= ostium (three-lobed), of Curtis. A synonym of T. divari- 
TYTONTA (named after Arthur Tyton, by whom many 
of the oldest inhabitants of our gardens were preserved). 
ORD. Geraniacem. A monotypic genus, the proper name 
of which, according to the authors of the “Genera 
Plantarum," is Hydrocera. The species is a beauti 
stove aquatic. It should be grown in rich, loamy soil, ` 
in large pots or pans of water, and placed in a warm 
part of the stove. The plant may be increased by seeds, — 
sown in spring. 
T.natans (swimming). Wai beautifull 
with red, white, and yellow, large, Seen 4 
loured ; petals 
. Hydrocera triflora. 
peduncle usually ` 
