AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. dE S 
UCRIANA. A synonym of Tocoyena (which see). 
UDORA. A synonym of Elodea (which see). 
UGENA. Included under Lygodium. 
UGNI. Included under Myrtus (which see). 
ULEX (an old Latin name used by Pliny for some 
similar shrub). Furze; Gorse; Whin. Including Stawr- 
acanthus. ORD. Leguminose. A genus embracing not 
more than a dozen species of mostly hardy shrubs, with 
very spiny branchlets, found in Western Europe and 
North-western Africa. Flowers yellow, solitary or shortly 
racemose in the axils of the spines or scales towards the 
tips of the branchlets; calyx membranous, coloured, two- 
parted; petals shortly clawed; standard ovate; bracts 
small. Leaves spinescent or reduced to small scales. 
U. europeus and U. nanus are well-known, ornamental, 
British plants. All thrive in ordinary soil, and may be 
increased by cuttings, or by seeds. 
U. europæus (European). Common Furze; Gorse; 
Broo, &c fl. jin. long, ode calyx hairs black, spreading ; 
ovate. February and March ; August and September. ` 
e hairy. sometimes furnished minute, 
ie e leaves, GEN to 3ft. W. 
Europe, &c. (Sy. En. B. 325.) is a beautiful, double- 
flowered variety. The form strictus (Irish To has erect 
branches. 
U. Galli (French) A variety of U. nanus. 
U. genistoides (Genista-like). Portuguese Furze. f. axi or 
terminal, solitary; standard and keel tomentose outside ; wings 
narrow, much spreading. August. J. small, scale- like, spiny, 
glabrous. Branches rigid, decussate. A. 1ft. to 3ft. Mediterra. 
nean region, 1823. Half-hardy. (B. R. 1452.) SYN. Stauracanthus 
aphylius. 
U. nanus (dwarf) Cat Whin; Tam Furze. fl. jin. long, more 
racemose than in U. europeus ; calyx adpressedly pubescent. 
July to November. Jr. persistent till the following season. 
Spines jin. to Län. long. Stems lft. to 3ft. high; branches 
drooping. England, Belgium, France. 
U. n. Gallii (French). Primary spines peu longer than those 
of U. nanus. Branches ascending, (F. d. S. 441 b and Sy. En. B. 
324, under name of U. Gallis.) 
ULIGINOSE. Inhabiting swampy places. 
ULLOA. A synonym of Juanulloa (which see). 
ULLUCUS (from Ulluco, the Quitan name). Syn. 
Melloca. ORD. iaceæ. — À monotypic genus. 
The species is a half-hardy, fleshy. decumbent and twining 
herb, its creeping rhizome and angular stem emitting 
tuber-bearing roots. It is extensively grown in the moun- 
tains of Peru and Bolivia for the sake of its small tubers. 
As a substitute for the Potato, the plant has been unsuc- 
cessfully tried in this country. It thrives in any light 
soil, and may be increased by its tubers. 
“Tigose flowered racemes; perlandi Re age in ample, axillary, 
racemes ; pa ro! ve-parted, with 
short tube; the bases of the pedicels lan Racal, 
rsistent ; bracteoles b below the flowers very conspicuous, June. 
e rounded-cordate, acute, entire. 
7. ite ‘Andes of Sout ANSER tie 
ndes oi M. 4617; G. C. k 
xxii, p. 216; L. 3. F- 2L) — ' = E 
ULMEZ. A tribe of Urticacee. 
ULMUS (the old Latin name used by Virgil &c.). 
Elm. ORD. Urticacew. A genus comprising about sixteen 
speeies of hardy, unarmed trees, broadly dispersed over 
north temperate regions, extending in Asia to tropical 
mountains. Flowers polygamous, mostly hermaphrodite, 
fascicled ; perianth loosely campanulate, four to nine (often 
five) cleft, the lobes imbricated; stamens four to eight 
" (often five) ; filaments erect, at length exserted. Fruit a 
one-seeded samara. Leaves alternate, distichous, serrated, 
 penniveined, deciduous or sub-perennial ; stipules lateral, 
Scarious, very caducous. Elm wood is rather hard, and 
reddish ; it is used specially for wheelwrights’ work, shafts, 
axletrees, screws for presses, Ze Exotoses or wens are 
often developed on Elm trunks, which acquire great hard- 
ness, and are much sought for by cabinet-makers, from 
the different patterns exhibited by the twisted. 
arrange- 
mee their wood fibres. M ne. at perfection 
| 
Ulmus—continued. 
in 150 years, but they will live for more than four times 
that period. They were held in high estimation by the 
ancients, not only on account of their leaves, which were 
dried and used as fodder, but also on account of their 
being used as props for Vines. The common Elm (U. cam- 
pestris) grows very rapidly in light, rich land; but its 
wood is proportionately light and porous, and of little 
value compared with that grown on strong land, which is 
of a closer and stronger texture, and at the heart will 
have the colour, and almost the hardness and weight, 
of iron. Propagation is effected by layers, suckers, graft- 
ing, and budding. Layers are usually made in autumn, 
or in the course of the winter, and become rooted, or fit 
for removal, in the course of a year. Suckers are pro- 
duced in abundance by some of the species and varieties, 
and afford a ready means of increase. Whip or splice- 
grafting is best performed, close to the root, in spring ; 
the plants thus treated make shoots of 3ft. or 4ft. in 
the same year, and never throw up suckers, unless the 
graft is buried in the soil. The Scotch Elm (U. montana) 
luxuriates in a deep, rich loam; but it becomes most 
valuable in a sandy loam lying on rubble-stone or on dry 
rock. It is most readily propagated by seeds; these may ` 
be sown as soon as ripe (about the middle of June), in 
which case many plants will be obtained in the same 
season ; or they may be dried in the shade, and stored 
in bags or boxes, in a dry place, until the following 
March or April. U. americana delights in a low, humid 
situation. Its wood is inferior to that of the common 
Elm. ‘The species best-known to cultivation are here 
described; all have brownish flowers, appearing from 
March to usd 
CAMPESTRIS. 
branchlets st. some, 
North America, 1820. 
