126 - 
kuk E 
OF GARDENING, 
THE DICTIONARY 
Ursinia—continued. 
hemispherical or broadly campanulate, with several series 
of imbrieated bracts; receptacle paleaceous; ray florets 
` wholly yellow or purplish outside; disk yellow; achenes 
glabrous or pubescent. Leaves alternate, serrated, pin- 
natifid, or often pinnately dissected. A selection of the 
best-known species is here given. They are very elegant 
plants, and succeed in a compost of loam and peat. 
U. anthemoides and U. pulchra may be increased by seeds. 
The rest are greenhouse shrubs, cuttings of which will 
root readily in sand, under a glass. 
U. abrotanifolia (Southernwood-leaved). l.-heads solitary on 
to tos duncles Gin, to 10in. long; ray florets wholly 
yellow. July. l. bi-tripinnatisect, 1jin. to 2in. long ; segments 
narrow - linear, divergent, acute, the lowest short and nearly 
simple. Branches erect, curved, leafy, clothed with pale, woolly 
hairs. A. lft. to 2ft. 1789. Syn. Sphenogyne abrotanifolia. 
U. anthemoides (Chamomile-like) /1.-heads on long, naked, 
drooping peduncles; ray florets purplish outside. August. 
l. either pinnatipartite or sub-pinnatipartite; lobes linear- 
filiform, acute or mucronate, the lower shorter or very small, 
the SS trifid or spinulose, spreading. A. 3in. to 12in. 1774 
Half-hardy annual. Syns. Arctotis anthemoides (B. M. 544), 
` Sphenogyne anthemoides. 
U. crithmifolia (Samphire-leaved),* 
diameter, on peduncles 3in. to 10in, 
bright yellow. July. J. pinnatipartite or tri ljin. to 2in. 
long; lobes linear-filiform, semi-terete, acute, the lower ones 
short or obsolete, the rest elongated. A, 1ft. to 2ft. 1768. Erect 
and densely leafy. SYN. Sphenogyne crithmifolia (B. M. 3042). 
U, dentata (toothed), /l.-heads rather small; ray florets coppery 
beneath; peduncles Gin, to 9in. long, one-headed. June. /, pin- 
nati te, jin. to gin. long; lobes short, entire or trifid, the 
teeth ti with a bristle. Branches curved, closely leafy. 
h. lft. to2ft. 1787. SYN. Sphenogyne dentata. 
v. pitera (bristle-bearing). /1.-heads on long, sub-hispid 
s; ray florets "— outside, December. I Diana 
or 
-heads lin. to ljin. in 
ong ; tay fone wholly 
di- 
t, 
h 
604). 
E ae (pretty).* /l.-heads bright o ; ray florets some- 
M i ch weg bitten at tpe extremities, June and July. 
` L twice te, sessile; leaflets linear, acute, somewhat re- 
curved. Stems roundish, slightly declinate at the base, as- 
ing, smooth. R. lft. Native place unknown. 
1836. annual. SYN. Sphenogyne speciosa (P. M. B. vi., 
p. 77). 
URTICA (the old Latin name used by Horace and 
Pliny, from uro, to burn; referring to the stinging pro- 
perties of most species). Nettle. ORD. Urticacee. A 
genus comprising about thirty species of greenhouse or 
hardy, annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubby at base, 
armed with stinging hairs; they are broadly dispersed 
over temperate and sub - temperate regions. Flow 
monceious or dimwcious; clusters cymulose, spioato, 
racemose, or paniculate; inflorescence unisexual or an- 
drogynous. Leaves opposite, petiolate, toothed or incised- 
lobed. The British Flora includes U. dioica (the young 
leaves of which are a good pot-herb), U. pilulifera (the 
ce. 
fleshy, spread 8 hispid; lobes linear, d with a 
Drinks Réel, Shrub diffuse,” SYN. dh 1 
Urticaceæ—continued. 
nate or rarely opposite, entire, toothed, lobed, or palmately 
parted, not pinnate, very rarely pinnatifid. Among the 
more important members of this order the following may 
be enumerated: Breadfruit-tree (Artocarpus incisa), Elm 
(Ulmus), Fig. (Ficus Carica), Hemp (Cannabis sativa), 
Hop (Humulus Lupulus), Indiarubber - plant (Ficus 
elastica), Mulberry (Morus alba and M. nigra). Several 
of the species are valuable timber trees. The order 
is divided into eight tribes: Artocarpee, Cannabinee, 
Celtidee, Conocephalem, More, Thelygonew, Ulmee, and 
. Urticem. It embraces nearly 110 genera and 1500 species. 
Examples: Artocarpus, Cannabis, Ficus, Humulus, Morus, 
Ulmus, Urtica. 
URVILLEA (named after Capt. Dumont D’Urville, of 
the French navy, an acute botanist, who was sent out to 
ascertain the fate of La Peyrouse). ORD. Sapindacee. 
A genus comprising about half a score species of climbing 
or twining, stove shrubs, inhabiting tropical America. 
Flowers whitish, in axillary racemes; peduncles bearing 
two tendrils at the apex. Leaves alternate, stipulate; 
leaflets entire or deeply toothed, sometimes pellucid-dotted. 
One or two species have been introduced, but they are 
unworthy of cultivation. U. ferruginea is now and then 
met with in botanic gardens, and is interesting on account 
of the peculiar structure of its triquetrous stems. 
b 
1 
1 
1 
T 
1 
1 
. USTERIA (of Cavanilles). Included under Mauran- E. 
dya (which se). . ` 
USTILAGINEI (named from Ustilago, the largest 
genus in the group). This is the scientific name of the 
Fungi included under the popular name of Smut, under 
which name is given a short account of them, and of the 
characters by which the more important genera are dis- 
tinguished from one another. The mycelium seems to 
enter, usually, into seedling plants, and to make its way 
among the cells of all parts; but while the reproductive 
organs (spores) of some species may be formed in masses ` 
in almost any part of the host-plant, those of certain others ` ` 
are produced only in the reproductive organs (stamens or ` 
ovaries), or in the leaves. Several examples are mentioned 
under Smut. See also Ustilago. 
USTILAGO (from ustus, burnt; in allusion to the 
scorched appearance of the organs of the host-plants in - 
which the spores are developed). A genus of Fungi, 
belonging to the group Ustilaginei (see Smut). It is 
distinguished from the other genera in the group by the 
spores, each being a single, isolated, roundish or angular 
cell, which germinates by a mycelium filament pushed 
out at one side. The spores are usually brown, dark 
purple, or nearly black, when in mass. Ustilago may be 
most virulent native Nettle), and U. urens. The stingi regarded as nearly typical of the Ustilaginei. About 
effects of U. wrentissima (Devil's Leaf), a native of Timor, | forty European species are known; many of these occur 
are id to be 80 violent as to last for twelve months in the tish Islands. A number of them live in the 
and sometimes to cause death. Many species produce 
excellent fibre, and several are considered to possess 
medicinal properties. None are of any horticultural value. 
U. involucrata (involucred). A synonym of Pilea pubescens. 
U. reticulata (reticulated). A synonym of Pilea reticulata. 
URTICACEZ. A natural order of trees, shrubs, or 
herbs, broadly dispersed over the temperate and warmer 
regions of the globe. Flowers unisexual or rarely poly- 
gamous, regular or by reduction irregular; perianth 
simple, calycine; stamens of the male flowers as many 
as the perianth segments, very rarely fewer or rather 
more, the anthers ovate or oblong; staminodes of the ` 
females rare, the ovary superior, or in a few genera more 
or less inferior; primary inflorescence centripetal, axillary 
or at the nodes, never terminal; ultimate inflorescence 
normally centrifugal, cymulose; bracts often small or 
wanting ; bracteoles minute or wanting, sometimes con- 
. gpienous. Fruit indehiscent, one-seeded. Leaves alter- 
E) 
l 
| 
leaves or flowers of Grasses; e.g., U. longissima forms 
black streaks in leaves of Glyceria fluitans and other 
swamp-loving Grasses; U. hypodytes grews below the 
leaf-sheaths of several Grasses, including among others 
the ornamental species, Stipa pennata and S. capillaris ; 
U. segetwm (see Fig. 145) destroys the ovaries of Oats, 
Barley, and many other Grasses; U. Caricis (U. urceo- 
lorum) is very common on many of the species of Careg, 
infesting the ovaries, and reducing them to the state of 
balls of sooty-looking powder; U. utriculosa and some 
alied forms destroy the ovaries of various kinds of 
Polygonum; U. violacea (U. antherarum) is exceedingly 
common in the flowers of Lychnis, Silene, Stellaria 
graminea, and other caryophyllaceous plants, filling the 
stamens with its reddish-violet spores, and thus de- 
stroying the flowers; U. flosculorum acts similarly in the 
flowers of Scabiosa, arvensis, 8. Columbaria, and S. succisa ; 
A Tragopogi-pratensis (U. receptaculorum) destroys all the 
orets in the heads of Tragopogon pratensis and T. porri- 
