AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 131 
Vaccinium— continued. 
V. virgatum (twiggy). fl. on short pedicels; corolla rose- 
coloured, three to four lines long; clusters sometimes twiggy 
on naked branches. fr. black, sometimes with a bloom. I ob- 
ovate-oblong to cuneate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, usually 
acute or pointed and minutely serrulated, rather thin, lin. or 
so long. h. 3ft. Shrub more or less pubescent. (A. B. R. 18 
B. M. 3522; W. D. B. i. 33, 34.) V. fuscatum (B. R. 302) is a 
form of this species, having deep rose-coloured flowers and red 
pedicels and bracts, approaching V. formoswm. 
V. v. tenellum (tender). jl. nearly white, in shorter or closer 
clusters ; corolla barely lin. long. /. mostly small. A low form. 
V. Vitis-Idzea (Vine of Mount Ida).* Brawlins; Cowberry ; 
Flowering Box, &c. fl. crowded in short, terminal, drooping 
racemes; corolla pink, campanulate. Jr. red, globose, sin. in 
diameter, acid. J. obovate, jin. to llin. long, green above (like 
Box), dotted beneath, very coriaceous, bifarious, the margins 
revolute, thickened, entire or minutely serrulated. Stems wiry, 
Ce p mer ee bin. to a long, EN or 
ascending. Euro in). Evergreen. See Fig. : Si? 
40; Sy. En, B. 871.) i f ; 
VACUOUS. Empty; a term applied to cases when 
an organ does not contain what usually belongs to it. 
Bracts which vsually support flowers are said to be 
Vacuous when they have no flowers in their axils. 
VAGIFORM. Having no certain figure. 
ae A sheath; e.g., a petiole rolled round a 
stem. à ; ace 
VAGINATE. Sheathed. 
VAGINULARIA. Included under Monogramme. 
VAILLANTIA (named in honour of Sebastian Vail- 
lant, 1669-1722, an eminent French botanist, author of 
“ Botanicon Parisiense"). Syn. Valantia. ORD. Rubiacee. 
A genus including two or three species of small, branched, 
annual herbs, natives of South Europe, the Mediterranean 
region, and Western Asia. Flowers white or yellow, 
small, ternate. Leaves in whorls of four, lanceolate or 
obovate. The species are of no interest from a horti- 
cultural standpoint. 
VALANTIA. A synonym of Vaillantia (which see). 
VALDESIA. A synonym of Blakea, (which see). 
VALDIVIA (so called from the town of Valdivia, in 
Chili, in the neighbourhood of which the genus is found). 
ORD. Sazifragee. A monotypic genus. The species is a 
singular and ornamental, small, half-hardy, evergreen 
shrub, with short, terete stems, probably now lost to 
cultivation. 
V. Gayana (Gay’s). Á. red, pedicellate, few in a short, axillary, 
hairy raceme ; calyx five-lobed, the tube adnate with the ovary ; 
petals five to seven, perigynous, linear, acuminate, rded 
within at the base; stamens five to seven. l. ample, alternate 
. and sub-opposite, obovate-lanceolate, acute, argutely glandular- 
erose or toothed, membranous; stipules wanting. 6in. 
Chili to Valdivia, 1863. 
VALERIAN. Se Valeriana. 
VALERIANA (a medieval name, said to be derived 
from valere, to be healthy; in allusion to its powerful 
medicinal qualities). Valerian. Orp. Valerianew. A 
large genus (nearly 150 species) of mostly hardy, peren- 
nial herbs, sub-shrubs, or shrubs, mostly inhabiting North 
temperate regions and extra-tropical South America; a 
few are natives of Brazil or the East Indies. Flowers 
white or pink; calyx at first entire, but forming a 
feathery crown at fruiting time; corolla with a short 
or rarely elongated tube and a five-cleft, spreading 
limb; stamens three, rarely one or two by abortion. 
Fruit compressed. Leaves, especially the radical ones, 
entire or toothed, or the cauline ones (or all) pinnatifid, 
or once, twice, or thrice pinnatisect. Few of the species 
have any horticultural merit. The medicinal qualities 
of V. officinalis are, however, extensive. Those described 
below are hardy perennials ; they thrive in common soil, 
and may be readily increased by divisions. 
V. angustifolia (narrow-leaved). A | of Centranthus 
born. sena ( eaved). oe Cen 
Ces 
Es, 
| 
l 
T 
Valeriana— continued. 
V. Caleitrapa (Calcitrapa). 
trapa, 
V. Cornucopiz (Cornucopia). 
copio, 
V. dioica (diccious) Marsh Valerian. Á. rose-coloured, 
mostly unisexual, in terminal corymbs ; corolla tube short. Earl 
summer, ` L. radical ones and those of the runners long-stalked, 
ovate, entire, jin. to lin. long; cauline ones few, mostly Wë 
A synonym of Centranthus Calci- 
A synonym of Fedia Cornu- 
nate, with one terminal segment and several pairs of r 
ones, all entire. Flowering stems 6in. to 8in. high. Europe 
(Britain). Ko En. B. 668.) 
V. mon “(mountain-loving). Á. pink corymbs at length 
paniculate, "July. Z, lower ones oblong or obovate, obtuse, 
slightly toothed ` upper ones lanceolate, acute. A. 9in. Moun- 
tains of Europe, 17 Plant glabrous or slightly pilose, erect. 
(J. F. A. 269; L. B. C. 317.) ; 
V. m. ro olia (round-leaved). Z. 
tundifi lower ones nearly round. 
Stems dwarfer than in the type. (B. 
M. 1825.) ~ 
FIG. 148. VALERIANA OFFICINALIS, ses g (a) Upper Portion of 
Plant ; (6) Flower, with Corolla removed ; (c) Corolla, cut open ; 
(d) Plumose Crown of Fruit. 
V. officinalis (offivinal). All-heal ; Common Valerian ; St. George's 
Herb, &c. fl. pink ; corymb contracted or loose, at length 
sub-paniculate, June. J. all, or nearly all, pinnatisect ; seg- 
ments seven or eight pairs, lanceolate, serrated. Stems sulcate. 
h, 3ft. Europe. A very variable species. See Fig. 148. (B. M. PL 
146; F. D. 570; Sy. En. B. 666. : 
V. Phu. d. white, in a paniculate corymb. August. l, radical 
ones oblong or elliptic, undivided; cauline ones pi 
Stem terete, smooth. A, 2ft. Caucasus 
lobed, the lobes oblong. 
(an escape from cultivation in Europe). Plant glabrous, erect. 
V. P. aurea (golden).* This only differs from the type in the 
bright golden-yellow colour of the young growths in spring. 
V. ruthenica (Russian). A synonym of Patrinia sibirica. 
V. sibirica (Siberian). A synonym of Patrinia sibirica. 
` VALERIANEJE. A natural order of annual or 
perennial herbs, sub-shrubs, or rarely shrubs, mostly found 
in temperate and frigid regions of the Northern hemi- 
sphere, copious in Western America and the Andes, rarely 
found in tropical Asia, Brazil, Guiana, and the West Indies. 
Flowers eymose or solitary; calyx tube adnate to the 
ovary, often small, sometimes obsolete; corolla white, pale 
blue, red, or (in Patrinia) yellow, superior, gamopetalous, 
the base of the tube often attenuated, gibbous or spurred, 
the limb spreading, three to five-cleft or bilabiate; stamens 
one to four, inserted below or above the middle of the 
tube, often exserted; filaments free; anthers two-celled; 
eymes terminal or axillary, clustered, or loosely corymbose 
or panieulate. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Leaves opposite, 
exstipulate, often mostly radical or clustered at the base 
of the stem, entire or toothed; cauline ones sometimes 
few, small, or wanting, sometimes many, entire, or often as 
` large as the radical ones, and toothed, pinnatifid, or once, 
twice, or thrice pinnatisect. The medicinal qualities of 
Valerianew have been known from ancient times; the 
plants now take rank at the head of the vegetable anti- 
