132 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
A A Valerianec —continued. I 
x spasmodies. The order includes nine genera, and about 
300 species. Examples: Centranthus, Nardostachys, Pa- 
trinia, Valeriana. 
VALERIANELLA (a diminutive of Valeriana). 
Syns. Fedia (of Gertner), Odontocarpa, Polypremum (of 
Adanson). ORD. Valerianee. A genus comprising about 
fifty species of small, hardy, dichotomously- branched, 
annual herbs, natives of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, 
and North America. Flowers whitish, pale bluish, or pink ; 
calyx limb toothed, lobed, or wanting; corolla tube short 
or rarely elongated, the limb spreading, five-cleft ; stamens 
three ; cymes sometimes fastigiately corymbose-paniculate, 
sometimes densely globose at the tips of the branches; 
bracts free. Radical leaves rosulate, entire ; cauline ones 
entire, toothed, or rarely incised-pinnatifid. V. carinata 
and V. olitoria are the only species calling for description 
in this work. For cultural directions, &c., see Corn 
V. carinata, (keeled). Corn Salad. Jr. oblong, boat-shaped ; 
fertile cell not corky ; calyx limb indistinct. Europe (Britain). 
Sir J. D. Hooker regards this as “probably a variety of 
ep nen which it resembles in all characters save those of 
ruit." 
V. olitoria (culinary. Common Corn Salad; Lamb's Lettuce ; 
White Potherb. fl. pale lilac, minute, in capitate cymes. April 
to June. Jy. minute, glabrous or hairy; fertile cell corky on 
the back, the — ones contiguous or confluent ; calyx bet 
wanting. I. lin. to A 
quite entire or toothed ; cauline ones 
š -amplexicaul. A. 6in. 
to 12in. Europe (Britain), &c. 
Corn Salad. e 
An excellent salad. See also 
VALERIAN, GREEK. A common name for Pole- 
monium ceruleum (which see). 
| VALERIAN, LONG - SPURRED. A common 
name for Centranthus macrosiphon (which see). 
|  VALERIAN, RED OR SPUR. See Centranthus 
VALERIANWORTS. The 
order Valeriana. 
. VALLARIS (perhaps from vallo, to inclose; the 
plants are said to be used in Java for fences) Syns. 
Emericia, Peltanthera. ORD. Apocynacee. A small genus 
(five or six species) of tropical Asiatic and Malayan, 
stove, twining shrubs. Flowers white, cymose or fascicled; 
calyx five-parted, glandular or not within; corolla salver- 
shaped, with a short tube, a naked throat, and broad 
lobes; stamens at the top of the tube, the filaments very 
short, clavate. Leaves opposite, minutely dotted. For 
SR of V. Pergularia, the only species introduced, 
plants of the natural 
to Tin. long, Jin. to 4in. ee rous or puberul + 
M pale Ind, ag" me 
VALLESIA (name commemorative of F i 
! SI d rancisco 
Valles, physician to Philip II. of Spain; he died in 1592). 
ORD. Apocynacee. A small genus (two species) of 
American, much-branched, glabrous, stove shrubs or small 
trees, Flowers small, cymose; calyx five-parted, without 
glands; corolla salver-shaped, annulate or pilose within 
the throat, the lobes five, ovate or lanceolate, twisted: 
stamens included below the apex of the tube. Leaves 
alternate, lanceolate or oblong. It is doubtful whether 
V. dichotoma is still in cultivation. A compost of sand 
loam we ye suits it. Propagation may be effected by 
SE ; déi : 
o" of cuttings, inserted in sand; under a glass, in 
V. dichotoma (dichotomous). /. white, Jin. long, numerous: 
qe ist een, MM ee length of the ie RE 1. ovate- 
ome , obtuse at n. t alin. long, rugose-tubereled 
ucid-dotted ; bescent 
mous, terete. A. ft. Peru, ZC TI" € 
n. long, Basar DE or oblong-lanceolate, 
^ ) fl. with a disagreeable, -li 
smell; cymes glabrous or puberulous. L OMA e e 
obovate, or rounded abruptly, shortly acute, membranous, ĝin. 
VALLISNERIA (named after Antonio Vallisneri, 
1661-1730, an Italian botanist, Professor at Padua). 
Orp. Hydrocharidew. A monotypic genus. The species is 
a half-hardy, aquatic, submerged herb, found in fresh- 
water lakes, ditches, &c. It is largely grown in aquaria 
in this country, and requires to be planted deeply in the 
water. 
V. spiralis (spiral). Eel Grass; Tape Grass. fl white, minute, 
apparently forming an ovoid or globular head not quite så long as 
the diæcious, shortly bi- or trifid spathes. July. l. very long 
and narrow when the water is deep, short in shallow water, 
obtuse or acute and more or less minutely toothed at the ends, 
or sometimes perhaps quite entire. Stems very short, sometimes 
stoloniferous. Warm and temperate regions, 1818. The male 
flowers are borne on a very short peduncle, and are sessile on 
a conical axis. At the flowering period, the female peduncle 
gradually lengthens, so that the flower finally floats on the 
surface of the water. Then the male submerged flowers 
detach themselves spontaneously from their peduncle and rise 
to the surface. After fertilisation, the ` seng of the female 
flower contracts spirally, and the ovary descends to the bottom 
of the water to ripen its seeds. 
VALLONEA OAK. See Quercus ZEgilops. 
VALLOTA (named after Pierre Valot, a French 
botanist, who wrote a description of the Royal Gardens 
in 1623). ORD. Amaryllideew. A monotypic genus. The 
species is a beautiful, greenhouse, bulbous plant. It re- 
quires a soil composed of good, fibrous loam, leaf mould, 
and sand, in equal parts. The bulbs should be placed 
from Gin, to 8in. below the level of the surface of the soil, 
and surrounded with sand, after which they may be 
covered with the compost, which should be pressed firmly 
around them. They should not be disturbed for years, and 
will ultimately establish themselves and produce grand 
masses of blossom. The best season for planting a fresh 
stock is June and July, when they commence root action 
before the flower-stems are sent up. If the surface of the 
soil in whieh the bulbs are planted be covered with green 
Saxifrage or Sedum, it will give a very neat and pleasing 
appearance when the plants are in flower. During their 
growing season, and in dry weather, an occasional soaking 
of water or liquid manure will prove very beneficial to 
Vallotas. 
V. 1 (purple).* Scarborough Lily. sl. Sin. to 4in. long, 
seve in an umbel, sessile or shortly pedicellate ; periant 
red, funnel-shaped, straight, erect, the tube short, the throat 
enlarged, the lobes oblong-ovate, connected at base by a small 
callus ; stamens erect, equal; involucral bracts two or three, 
membranous; scape robust, fistular, 2ft. to 3ft. high. May. 
. equalling the scape, lanceolate-linear, entire, obscurely 
reticulate-veined. South Africa, 1774. (R. H. 1870, 50.) 
us zeng à (choice).* v of the same shade of colour as in 
cadi E “aps bi feath ^ en, eent for the white 
ati er, ike what i : Š 
Yarieties of Gladioli. (F. M. ok 225) sg ankre oe 
V. p. magnifica (magnificent). This is hardly distinct from 
V. p. evimia, though its raisers consider it tre, brighter in 
colour, and a more robust grower than any other. It was 
exhibited with fiowers bin. across. (Gn. xxx., p. 245.) 
V. p. major (greater). /., perianth reddish-scarlet, the throat 
A ld anthers longer. SYN. mein AN purpurea 
V. p. minor (lesser), fi, i * 
Eater Deme. Parents chery zod, tho throes opaque 
VALONIA. A commercial name for the acorn-cups 
of Quercus JEgilops. 
JARTARR VALVULAR. United by the mar- 
gins only; opening as if by doors or valves, as do most | 
indehiscent fruits and some anthers. 
VALVES. The doors by which various bodies open; 
the term is also applie c j d ; 
sule splits. pplied to the pieces into which a cap 
VALVES. Inall heating arrangements by hot water, 
iav " m 
