| 
L 
i 
j 
AN 
. lating heat. 
on 
ree ek ee 
Valves—continued. 
hand, answers very well for the mere purpose of regu- 
A high-pressure Valve, the aperture in which 
is opened and closed by means of a screw and thread, 
is sometimes put in near the boiler when there is more 
than one main, or when two boilers are connected for 
working both together and separately. When these Valves 
are screwed down, the water cannot circulate or pass, 
and this is of great advantage in case of repairs being 
necessary to one of the boilers, as the other can mean- 
while be kept at full work. High-pressure Valves are 
not required on all boilers, but sufficient of the ordinary 
kind should be introduced where necessary to insure the 
apparatus being worked readily and the regulation of 
heat kept under easy control. 
VANDA (the Indian name of the original species). 
ORD. Orchidee. A genus embracing about thirty species 
of very beautiful, stove, epiphytal Orchids, natives of the 
East Indies and the Malayan Archipelago, one being also 
found in tropical Australia. Flowers showy or rarely 
mediocre, shortly pedicellate, usually fragrant; sepals 
and petals free, sub-equal, much spreading, often narrowed 
or nearly clawed at base; lip continuous with the column, 
spreading, saccate or obtusely spurred at base, the lateral 
lobes erect, rounded or reduced to auricles, the middle 
one spreading; column short, thick, wingless; pollen 
masses two; bracts short; racemes simple, loose; pe- 
duncles lateral. Capsules often on rather long pedicels. 
Leaves distichous, spreading, coriaceous or slightly fleshy, 
often emarginate or shortly bilobed at apex, flat or 
(in V. Hookeriana and V. teres) terete. Stem leafy, 
not pseudo-bulbous. The Vandas require more light 
than most other Orchids; indeed, many successful 
growers do not use shading for them at all. During the 
period of growth, say from March or April until about 
October, a high temperature and abundance of moisture 
are essential; the thermometer should not fall below 
70deg. or 75deg. during the day, and may be allowed to 
rise to 85deg. or even higher in sunny weather. The 
night temperature during the growing season should not 
fall more than about 10deg. below that maintained during 
the day. In the winter months, 60deg. or 65deg. at 
night will be sufficient, and less water will be required— 
none being allowed to lodge i in the axils of the leaves. The 
most rational method of growing the plants is to fix them in 
baskets, filled three-fourths of their depth with broken pots- 
herds, and the rest with clean, fresh sphagnum. If rafts or 
blocks of wood are employed, more care is necessary in 
watering, for, if an insufficient supply is given, the leaves 
are apt to shrivel and the lower ones to fall off. As pots 
are more readily moved, they are frequently employed by 
exhibitors; the directions as to cultivation in baskets 
should be followed if pots are used. V. cerulea requires 
less heat than the other kinds; indeed, it succeeds some- 
times better under almost cool treatment. V. teres should 
be placed close to the glass, in a warm, sunny house, and 
supplied with abundance of water when growing; when at 
rest, less will suffice. Should the plants of any of the tall- 
growing species become too high, the tops may be cut off 
and potted in potsherds and sphagnum. New growths 
often spring from the base of the old plants, and from the 
stems of those which have been cut back; these allow the 
species to be readily propagated. 
V. alpina (alpine). e green, small; sepals and 
oblong ; lip yellowish, EE with dull purple, gibbous below 
apex, emarginate ; basal hollow ER e raceme sub- 
"ida 
v. ^ AM MA. (Bateman’s). A synonym of Stawropsis Bate- 
ely (sometimes acutely) bilobea. Muara di 837. SYN. 
alpina. 
Cem (Benson's) fi. white GE about 2in. in diameter ` 
sepals and petals yellowish-green, dotted with reddish-brown on 
the inside, obovate, obtuse; lip pink, sea lige on reniform 
apex, —- PNN convex, "trilamellate on the disk, the small 
AN ENCYCLOPADIA OF HORTICULTURE. 
KS mëssen 
basal auricles and conical spur white ; scapes rigid, 
l. coriaceous, lorate, RE toothed at apex. R 
1866. (B. M. 5611; F. d. S. 2329; 9. C. 1867, 180.) UM 
V. bicolor gege fl. white externally, yellowish-brown 
inside, with obscure, livid tessellations, less than 2in. across; 
sepals and petals falcate ; lip lilae, with large, white auricles, 
giving the base a broad, cordate appearance, dotted with Be 
and tinged with yellow ; raceme erect, rigid, few-flowered, lon; 
than the leaves. l lorate, coriaceous, "half-twisted in the mi E 
uu oblique and somewhat three-toothed at apex. 
1875 
oon, 
V. cærulea (blue).* fl. sometimes as much as Dim. across; sepals 
and petals pale blue, membranous, oblong, obtuse, "shortly 
stalked; lip deep blue, small, coriaceous, oblong-linear, the 
point obtuse, with two diverging lobes; racemes ten or more- 
flowered ; es erect, much longer than theleaves. Autumn. 
l. loriform, fyn ren] coriaceous, unequally truncate, with 
acute lateral lobes. Stem erect, 2ft. to 3ft. high. Khasya, 1849. 
A very Duane pan (F. d. S. 609; L H. 246; L. J. F. 102; 
L. & P. F. G. i, 36; R. X. O. i. 5; W.S S. O. 18.) E e grandiflora 
is a fine, ‘large- Med. variety. (R. H. 1881, p. 290.) 
v. EE e (bluish) fl. ten to twenty on a slender, erect, 
axilla) ; sepals and petals pale mauve-blue, cuneate-ovate, 
twiste is gia clawed base; lip violet, obcuneate, dilated, 
ooi ag with lilac-purple auricles, the . ti ped with 
l. coriaceous, ligulate, dark in. to Tin. 
Lie ese T bilobed. Stems elongated. sea eg 1869. A 
re iy little species. See Fig. 149 (for which we are indebted > 
essrs. Veitch and Sons) (B. M. 5834; F. M. ser. ii. 256; G.C 
1870, p. 529; W. O. A. i. 48.) 
V. e. Boxallii (Boxall’s).* d. sepals and petals white, tinged 
with lilac ; m lobe of the li dilated, deep ien bordered with 
white ; disk dark blue-stri ; raceme ue close, on à short 
scape. l. obliquely erose at apex. 1877. (B.M .) 
V. c. Lowiana (Low's) Similar to Boza, but having an 
deni ken? middle lobe of lip and a dot of amethyst at 
each end of the sepals. 1877. 
V. Cathcarti (Cathcart’s).* d. Ain. across; sepals and petals 
white outside, yellow with ge: ace bands internally, 
sessile, concave, roundish-oblong ; ur. three-lobed, the lateral 
lobes white, red-streaked at base, small, the middle lobe whitish, 
with a yellow, crenate, incurved border ; disk with two erect 
calli; scape erect, leaf-opposed, four or five-flowered. I 6in. to 
Tin. long, linear-oblong, unequally bilobed, pale green. Sikkim 
Himalayas, 1 scrambling species. (B. M. 5845; 
CH P. 25; F. d, 8. 12512; F. M. ser. ii. 66; G. ©, 1870, 1409; 
IL H. 187; W. zs A. iv. 168.) Arachnanthe Cathearti is now the 
correct name of this species. 
V. concolor (one-coloured) fl. rather distant, numerous, in 
elongated, lateral racemes; sepals and petals white outside, 
cinnamon-brown within, oblong-obovate, wavy ; lip three-lobed, 
downy at base, the side lobes white with rosy "dots, the middle 
one cinnamon-brown, cuneate and bilobed at apex; spur at- 
tenuated. /. membranous, xim lax, obliquely three-toothed 
at apex. Stems erect, 5ft. to 6ft. high. China, 1850. (B. M. 
3416, under name of V. Roxburghii unicolor.) 
V. cristata (crested). 
obtuse, the petals incurved ; lip buff, striped with rich purple, 
divided at the end into two or three narrow, acute, diverging, 
unequal lobes; racemes erect, three to six-flowered, shorter than 
the leaves. March to July. Z channelled, recurved, truncate 
and three-toothed at Loy Stems erect. Nepaul, 1818. (B. M. 
4304; B. R. 1842, 48 ; R. G. 680.) š 
V. Denisoniana wie s). jl. thick and fleshy, medium-sized ; 
sepals and petals white, slightly tinged with green, the dorsal 
and petals spathulate ; ; lip white, pandurate ; the apex two- 
Bhotan, 
H. sepals an mt pom yellow-green, oblong, P 
Jobed, the base with two nearly quadrate auricles ; spur short, 
conical ; racemes axillary, five or six-flowered, on stout, ascen ascending 
peduncles. April. 4. lorate, rigid, recurved, sharply 'bilobed at 
ee E green. Stems erect. Arracan Mountains, 1869 1869. (B. M. 
F. & P. 1869, p. 250; G. C. n. s., xxiv., p. 105; L. H. ser. iii. 
V. D. hebraica (Hebrew-marked). 
coloured on both sides, but pie lle within and with 
bars resembling Hebrew letters ; anterior a oe 
the 2: araa en; spur orange inside. July. 
(W. O: A. 2889 
V. D. punctata (dotted). 
lip white. 
V. densiflora (dense-flowered). A synonym of Seiten 
giganteum. Ze 
Vis s mi an wo Gd 1 across, having * 
1ghty smell ; a — 
greenish-yellow at the Bike, the petals clawed Gaam 
than the sepals ` lip para grania ellow, tomentose at five- . 
furrowed, bilobed ; pur cylind lindrical ; racemes short, r^p ^g ua 
Spring. h. 1ft. X. ER, i 
Ps 20.) 
V. giganten (gigantic). A synonym of Stauropeis gigantea. ` 
sulphur-coloured, with some ae 
age on the petals and odà e the middle and base of the 
cae 
sepals and petals sulphur. 
aqe of i 
