136 
Vanda—continued. 
V. t. (remarkable) fl., sepals and petals light yellow, 
spotted with crimson; lip pale lilac. Generally spring and 
autumn. This handsome variety was formerly known in gardens 
as V. insignis. 
^ V. t. Patersoni (Paterson’s). J. about 2in. in diameter, appearing 
on ek small plants ; sepals and me creamy-white, densely 
8j with cinnamon-brown, broad; lip bright magenta. 
(G. C. n. s., xxii., p. 236.) 
e be bris (flat-lipped). /. larger and brighter-coloured 
than in the type ; sepals and petals citron-yellow, thickly spotted 
with rich brown, very broad, clawed or narrowed to the base; 
up rose-coloured, margined with purplish-mauve, and striped 
w S ne on the disk, large and flat. (W. O. A 
ii, 87. 
V. t. Russeliana (Russel’s). fl. very bright-coloured, in long 
racemes. A beautiful variety, having a peculiar, pendulous style 
of growth; it is very robust. 
V. t. Warneri (Warner's), fl., sepals and petals distinctly 
margined with deep rose ; lip deep rosy-purple. /. linear, lorate, 
peculiarly ribbed. (W. S. O. ser. ii. 39.) 
V. undulata(waved). ji. white, very freely produced in racemes ; 
sepals and petals lanceolate, much undulated; lip having the 
lateral lobes greenish, and marked with orange lines on the disk. 
i, coriaceous, ligulate, unequally bilobed. India, 1875. This has 
been sold under the name of V. Gowere. 
V. violacea (violet). A synonym of Saccolabium violaceum. 
V. Vipani (Vipan s), Jl., sepals and petals blunt, rhomboid, white 
externally, within pale at the base, marked with short, brownish- 
purple lines, the rest of the sepals brownish-olive, and of the 
petals inclining to ochre, all striped with dark brown-purple ; 
middle lobe of the lip olive-green, the side auricles yellow. /. very 
long and narrow. Burmah, 1882. 
VANDELLIA (named in honour of Dominico Van- 
delli, Professor of Botany at Lisbon, who wrote a work 
on Portuguese plants in 1623). Including Tittmannia 
(of Reichenbach). ORD. Scrophularinee. A genus em- 
bracing about thirty species of stove, greenhouse, or 
hardy, often annual, branched herbs, inhabiting warm 
. regions. Flowers rather small, solitary in the axils, sessile 
. or pedicellate, or in terminal recemes; calyx five-parted 
or five-toothed ; corolla bilabiate, the. upper lip emar- 
ginate or shortly bifid, the lower one large, three-lobed; 
stamens five, perfect. Leaves opposite, often toothed. 
The few species introduced are n bably 1 
cultivation. ow probably lost to 
VANDESIA. A synonym of Bomarea (which see). 
VANESSA. A genus of Butterflies, conspicuous by 
their size (varying from 2}in. to 22in. in spread of wings), 
their bright colours, and the bold markings on the upper 
surface of the wings; the lower surface is dull-coloured 
for concealment. The front wings have a distinct tooth 
above the middle of the hind margin, and the inner margin 
is nearly straight. The hind wings usually have a short 
FIG. 151. Vanessa Io. 
tooth in the hind margin (see Fig. 151). In the mi 
of the hind wing is a space bounded on all sides erg 
wing veins; the sixth and seventh veins are not united, 
but arise directly from the vein bounding the space. The 
OF GARDENING, 
— ES — 
Vanessa—continued. 
antenne have the terminal club rather long. The front 
legs are small and useless for walking. The larvæ are 
long and worm-like, but covered with stiff spines on all 
but the first ring. The pupæ are angular; they hang 
by the tip of the body, and frequently bear golden or 
silvery-metallic spots here and there, or over most of 
their surface. The Butterflies are single-brooded each 
year, except the Small Tortoiseshell, which has a suc- 
cession of broods. Most of the species hybernate as 
Butterflies, appearing on warm days during winter. There 
are five British species of the genus, viz., V. Antiopa 
(Camberwell Beauty), V. Atalanta (Red Admiral), V. Io 
(Peacock, see Fig. 151), V. polychloros (Great Tortoiseshell), 
and V. Urtice (Small Tortoiseshell). Of these V. Antiopa 
feeds on various Willows, and V. polychloros on Elm; but 
both are local or scarce in Britain. The other Vanesse 
feed on Nettles. The Butterflies may be distinguished 
from one another by the colour of the upper surface of 
the wings. 
V. Antiopa (rarely seen in England) has a span of about 
3in. across the wings; the latter are purplish-brown, with 
broad, yellow or yellowish-white borders, margined on 
the inner side with a broad, black band, in which are 
six or seven blue spots. 
V. Atalanta has the wings nearly black, with a broad, 
deep red band across the middle of the front wings, and 
round the hind margin of the hind wings; the band on 
the hind wings has four black spots in it. Each front 
wing bears six white spots near the tip, and there is a 
blue and black spot at the hind angle of each hind wing. 
V. Io is of the size and form shown in Fig. 151; the 
ground-colour is dull red, the margins are brown, the 
eye-like spots on the wing are variously shaded with 
black, lilac, red, yellow, and white; those on the hind 
wings are bordered with grey-brown. 
V. polychloros and V. Urtice are very like one another, 
both’ having tawny-orange wings, with a dark border 
inclosing blue spots; and in both there are three large, 
black spots, separated by yellow spots, on the front 
border, and two small, black spots near the middle, of 
the front wings; and the basal part of the hind wings 
is dark. The two species differ as follows: V. polychloros 
is usually over, and V. Urticæ is under, 2}in. in spread of 
wings. The latter species has a white spot on the front 
margin of the front wings, near the tip, where the former 
species has a yellow spot, and in V. polychloros there is à 
black spot more on the inner border of the front wings, 
and the blue spots in the dark borders of the front 
wings are faint or absent. V. Urticw is one of the 
earliest of British Butterflies, and is conspicuous in 
almost all parts of the country. 
Those species of Vanessa that feed on Nettles are 
beneficial; while the others are never numerous enough 
in Britain to call for a special remedy. 
VANGUERIA (Voa-Vanguer is the Madagascar 
name of V. edulis). Syns. Meynia, Rytigynia, Vanguiera, 
Vavanga. ORD. Rubiacee, A genus comprising about 
thirty Species of stove shrubs and small trees, sometimes 
spiny, inhabiting tropical and sub-tropical regions (except 
in Australia). Flowers white or greenish, small, cymose 
or fascicled; calyx tube short, the limb five, rarely four, 
toothed or lobed, or irregularly five to ten-toothed ; corolla 
pease or mediate, the limb of five, rarely four or 
> e, acute, acuminate, or appendieulate, at len 
reflexed lobes ; stamens five. Pealt dry or fleshy drupe, 
Erste edible and rather large. Leaves opposite,” 
ert or membranous; stipules interpetiolar, Í 
i Ser in a persistent ring. V. edulis and V. ` 
this work T only species calling for description in 
Propagation - beo si? or! compost of loam and pe d 
i p b i i ed in 
similar soil, under a glass, im heut, — 5 D 
