AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
Vigna—continued. t 
the warmer regions of the globe. Flowers yellowish or 
rarely purplish, shortly fasciculate-racemose at the apex 
of an axillary peduncle ; two upper calyx teeth or lobes 
connate or distinct; corolla with two ear-like appendages ; 
standard orbicular; wings falcate-obovate; bracts and 
bracteoles small, caducous. Pods linear, straight or 
scarcely incurved. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate, stipellate. 
V. sinensis is largely cultivated in the East; the Chinese 
cook and eat the pods as we do kidney beans. Seeds 
of the under-mentioned species may be sown in any 
fairly good soil. 
V. Burchellii (Burchell’s). d. purple, on peduncles 3in. to Sin. 
long, umbellate; calyx deeply four-cleft; wings with an ear-. 
shaped appendage to the claw. Summer. Z. lin. to 2sin. long, 
on petioles jin. to 4in. long; leaflets ovate-lanceolate or lanceo- 
late, rigid, bristly-mucronate, glabrous. Stems woody, diffuse, 
the branches rigid and sub-erect. Cape of Good Hope, 1816. 
Greenhouse. SYN. Otoptera Burchellii. E 
V. Catiang (Catiang) Z. yellow or reddish ; corolla twice the 
length of the calyx, which is less than jin. long; racemes few- 
flowered, long-peduncled. July and August. fr., pods 1ft. to 
2ft. long, less than żin. broad, edible. /., leaflets membranous, 
ovate-rhomboid, entire or slightly lobed. East Indies, &c., 
1776. Hardy, low and sub-erect, or tall and twining annual. 
Syn. Dolichos sinensis (B. M. 2232). This has been grown as a 
. vegetable in France under the name of Phaseolus Riceardianus. 
= V. glabra (glabrous). f. yellow, crowded; racemes borne on 
_ stout peduncles, which are longer than the leaves. July to 
September. fr., pods hirsute. l., leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceo- 
late. Southern United States, 1685. Nearly hardy, twining 
annual. SYN. Dolichos luteolus. 
VIGNALDIA. A synonym of Pentas (which see). 
VIGUIERA (named after Alexander Viguier, a book- 
seller, of Montpellier, who wrote a work on Poppies, in 
1814). ORD Composite. A genus comprising about 
sixty species of greenhouse or half-hardy, erect, branched, 
annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs, inhabiting the 
warmer parts of America. Flower-heads mediocre, rarely 
large, pedunculate at the tips of the branches, hetero- 
gamous; involucre broadly campanulate or hemispherical, 
the bracts in three or more series; receptacle convex, 
conical, or at length oblong, paleaceous; achenes often 
more or less pilose. Lower leaves (rarely all) opposite ; 
upper ones usually alternate. Only one species calls for 
mention here. For culture, see Helianthus. 
V. linearis (linear-leaved).  /L-heads yellow; involucral scales 
oblong, leafy-appendiculate at apex. September. J. sessile, 
alternate, rarely pens, linear, entire, one-nerved, revolute- 
° ined, his id-scabrous on the nerves. Stems erect, branched, 
scabrid. A. 2ft. Mexico, 1825. Half-hardy perennial. Syn. Heli- 
anthus linearis (B. R. 523). 
V. rigida (rigid). A synonym of Helianthus rigidus. 
. VILFA (of Adanson). A synonym of Agrostis 
(which see). 
VILFA (of Beauvois). A synonym of Sporobolus 
- (which see). 
VILLA GARDEN. Se Garden. 
VILLANOVA (named after Tomas M. Villanova, 1757- 
1802, Professor of Botany at Valencia). ORD. Composite. 
A small genus (six or seven species) of greenhouse or 
hardy, diffuse, glandular-pubescent herbs, inhabiting Peru, 
Columbia, and Mexico. Flower-heads yellow, heterogamous, 
pedunculate, irregularly paniculate or eorymbose; invo- 
lucre campanulate, with a few sub-equal bracts; receptacle 
small, naked; ray florets ligulate, three-toothed; disk 
florets five-cleft ; achenes glabrous. Lower leaves (or all) 
opposite, the upper ones often alternate, ternately or 
pinnately dissected, often few-lobed. 
d themoides (Chrysanthemum-like). Z/.-heads lin. in 
diameter; ray florets fifteen to twenty; peduncles stout, glan- 
» naked or with one or more imperfect leaves. September. 
petiolate, 2in. long and broad, twice ternately cut 
obovate, laciniate, recurved lobes. Stem grooved, 
1878. (B. M. 
VILLARESIA (named after Matthias Villarez, a - 
Spanish botanist, Superintendent of the Gardens at Santa 
Espina). Syn. Citronella. ORD. Olacinew. A genus 
consisting of eight or ten species of stove, evergreen, 
climbing shrubs or small trees, inhabiting the tropics of ` 
both hemtispheres. Flowers white; calyx five-parted ; 
petals five, ribbed inside; stamens five; cymes small, 
paniculate or racemose. Leaves alternate, oblong, entire 
or spinulose-dentate, thickly coriaceous, clear. Only one 
species has been introduced. For culture, see Olax. 
- V. mucronata (mucronate-leaved). 9. fragrant, sessile; racemes 
terminal and in the upper axils, solitary, rarely in twos or threes, 
Zin. long. September and October. l. shortly petiolate, ovate or 
oblong, mucronate, highly glabrous, shining above, paler beneath, 
spiny-toothed in young trees, entire in adults. Trunk erect, 
terete, Chili. Tree. 
VILLARIA. A synonym of Berardia (which see). 
VILLARSIA (named in honour of Dominique Villars, 
1745-1814, Professor at Grenoble; he wrote on the plants 
of Dauphiné). Syn. Renealmiaw (of Houttuyn). ORD. 
Gentianee. A genus embracing ten species of South 
African or Australian, marsh-loving, greenhouse herbs. 
Flowers yellow or white, cymose; calyx five-parted or 
deeply five-cleft ; corolla broadly campanulate, sub-rotate, 
the lobes valvate; stamens five, affixed to the tube; 
filaments filiform. Radical leaves long-petiolate, entire 
or irregularly sinuate-toothed. Stems simple and leafless, 
or slightly branched and furnished with a few leaves. 
The following species are known to cultivation, and form 
elegant subjects when in blossom. Peat and sand form 
the most suitable compost, and the pots in which the 
plants are grown should be placed in water. Propagation 
may be readily effected by divisions, or by seeds. 
V. capitata (headed). fl. yellow, sessile, in compact, globular or 
depressed heads about jin. in diameter, on long peduncles, 
Summer. J. long-petiolate, broadly ovate, orbicular, or reniform, 
coarsely sinuate-toothed or entire, under lin. long. Stems 
aed branched, leafy, 6in. high. Australia, 1879. (B. M. 
420.) 
v. M epson (cock's comb). A synonym of Menyanthes Crista- 
galli. 
V. Humboldtiana (Humboldt's, A garden name for a form of 
Limnanthemum indicum. > 
V. nymphezoides (Nympha-like). 
anthemum nympheoides. 
V. ovata (ovate-leaved). J citron-yellow; corolla segments 
crenate-fimbriate on the margins, pilose at the base within ; 
cymes terminal, raceme-like. June. J. clustered, coriaceous, 
oval, entire. Stems ascending, nearly naked. h. 6in. Cape of 
Good Hope, 1786. Syn. Menyanthes ovata (B. M. 1909). 
V. parnassifolia (Grass of Parnassus-leaved).* jl. yellow; 
corolla lobes shortly exceedi the calyx. August. ¿ long- 
petiolate, ovate or almost orbicular, entire or sinuate-crenate, 
slightly cordate or rounded at base, mostly under lin. long. 
Flowering stems lft. to 2ft. high, loosely paniculate, leafless 
except small bracts, or a solitary leaf at first branching. 
Australia, 1825. (B. R. 1533, under name of V. reniformis.) 
V. reniformis (kidney-shaped).* /l. yellow ; corolla spreading, 
3in. to lin. in diameter, the lobes copiously bearded or 
fringed inside at base. July. J. in a dense tuft, on long ` 
petioles, ovate to orbicular or reniform, more or less cordate 
at base, entire or slightly sinuate-toothed, mostly lin. to 2in. 
long. Flowering stems as in V. parnassifolia. h. 6in. to 3ft. ` 
Australia, 1820. SYN. Menyanthes exaltata (B. M. 1029) The 
A synonym of Limn- 
plant figured in B. M. 1328 as Menyanthes sarmentosa is only 
a stoloniferous form of this species. 
VILLOSE, VILLOUS. Shaggy; covered with long - 
and soft (not interwoven) hairs or villi. 
