ae 
AN ENCYCLOPEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 179 
Vine Moths—continued. ` 
half the crop has been lost in this way. This insect has 
. been extremely troublesome in Austria. It is not rare in 
the South of England, though it has done little mischief in 
this country as yet. It is a little less than din. in span of 
fore wings, which are chestnut-red, marbled with pale buff, 
and with two dark brown, white-edged, triangular spots on 
the hinder margin of each. The change into pups occurs 
in the soil below the Vines. The larvæ may be detected 
by their webs, and should be removed, either by hand- 
picking the ravaged clusters, or by shaking or jarring 
them above a sheet, tarred tray, or any other contrivance 
for capturing the larvs shaken off the plants. In the 
_“ Gardeners’ Chronicle” for Sept. 23, 1882, (Enectra 
Pilleriana and Lobesia reliquana are noticed and figured 
by Professor Westwood; and, in the same newspaper, a 
month later, still another insect-foe is added: this is 
Ditula angustiorana (also called Toríriv angustiorana), 
The last-named is nearly related to Lobesia reliquama, 
but is larger. The fore wings measure from lin. to iin. 
in span, being ochreous in the males, and reddish-brown 
in the females; in both sexes, the wings show a darker 
patch at the base, a chestnut-brown patch slanting from 
the middle of the wing to the hinder angle, and darker 
spots irregularly seattered over the outer half of the 
wing, the most conspicuous of these being a triangular 
spot on the front border. The larve have been found 
living on most fruit-trees, as well as on Privet, Hawthorn, 
and other shrubs; and within the past few years they 
have been discovered in ripened grapes in English vineries. 
They also feed on the Vine leaves, but not in such numbers 
as to seriously injure the plants in this way. Though 
abundant in many parts of England, Ditula angustiorana 
usually feeds on a variety of food-plants in preference 
to Vines. ; 
Among the Tineina (see Moths) there are few species 
that are dangerous to Vines. Of one small Moth (Antispila 
Pfeifferella) the larve, which usually feed on the leaves 
of Dogwood, sometimes mine in the Vine leaves, and, 
when about to become pups, form flat cases composed 
of two pieces cut out of the leaves, and attach them 
to the leaves or branches, The pups lie protected 
in the cases till the emergence of the Moths. The 
fore-wings of the latter reach only about lin. in span; 
they are brown, with a coppery or golden gloss, and 
near the middle they are crossed by two narrow, yellow | 
bands, the outer of which is broken in the middle. The 
injury done to the leaves by this species is seldom 
noticeable, though the Moth is not rare in England. 
Treatment. This varies with the habits of the larvæ 
that are doing the harm. Hand-picking is a sufficient 
remedy against the larve of Hawk Moths, and the 
groups of larvæ of Nenia typica. It is the only efficient 
method against Leaf-miners, such as Antispila; and it 
must also be resorted to against the larve of Tortricina, 
which live inside the young or ripe fruits, or in the 
clusters, inclosed in webs. The Jaren, and the leaves or 
grapes in which they live, should be destroyed, not 
merely thrown on the ground. Hand-picking is also of 
use where the eggs (e.g., of (Enectra Pilleriana) are placed 
in clusters on the leaves. Those larvæ that conceal them- 
selves in the soil by day, and emerge from their conceal- 
ment by night to feed on the shoots and leaves, or that 
gnaw the bark of the stems and - roots, should. be 
combated as recommended under Surface Caterpillars. 
Such laryzs as live in rolled leaves may be collected in 
sheets or trays laid below the branches, which should 
be shaken or jarred, to cause the larve to drop from 
their concealment. The larve of some of the Tortricina 
that injure the Vines and fruits, pass the winter under the 
loose bark on the stems, and emerge, when the weather 
becomes milder, to devour the buds, young leaves, and 
flowers. The pups of some are protected during winter 
in similar retreats. It is, therefore, desirable to remove 
€ 
Vine Moths—continued. 
allloose bark, and this ean be done in winter by means 
of a brush of stiff fibres, e.g., of piassaba. All dead leaves 
and rubbish should also be removed from the surface 
of the soil, and either consigned to the compost-heap 
or burned. In the continental vineyards, the Moths 
are trapped by fires, or by shallow dishes of water, 
into which they fly. A solution of potassie sulphate 
(1 per cent.), sprayed over the flower-buds about the 
time the first brood of Moths is on the wing, and over 
the young fruits when the second brood is ready for 
egg-laying, has been found to materially lessen the injury 
to the crop. 
VINE, MOUNTAIN. See Viola tricolor lutea. 
VINE, PEPPER. A common name for Ampelopsis 
bipinnata (which see). 
VINE, PIPE. A common name for Aristolochia 
Sipho (which see). 
VINE, POISON. A name frequently applied to 
Rhus Toxicodendron (which see). S 
VINE, POTATO. A common name for Ipomea 
pandurata (which see). 
VINERY. Se Vine. 
VINE SCALE INSECTS. Though occurring in 
France and in Germany, these insects are not native in 
Britain. The one most frequently found on Vines is 
Lecanium Vitis, also called Coccus Vitis. The female is 
covered with an oval, convex scale, which is a little 
narrowed in front; the colour is reddish-brown, with 
black dots; the shield is bordered by the white, cottony 
secretion in which the red eggs are embedded. The 
male insects are very small; they are brick-red, with 
black thorax, brown antenne, and two.transparent wings, 
each with a thickened and red teni herder the body 
ends in two long bristles. This insect lives on the old 
stems of Vines, preferring such as are sickly; and it 
occurs either singly or in groups. é 
Mytilaspis Vitis is another Vine Scale, met with in Ger- 
many. It is very like the Apple Mussel Scale (which 
see), and has usually been mistaken for it; but the two 
species differ in certain minute characteristics. The larve 
live on the young twigs near the buds; and the spots 
on which they are placed become brown or blackish. The 
females live on the twigs of the second year’s growth. 
Remedies are detailed under Scale Insects. The 
branches and stems must be well cleansed from 
the Seales, by means of a stiff brush and strong lye of 
wood-ashes, or solution of kerosene or carbolic acid. 
Good manure should afterwards be applied to the roots. 
VINE, SILK. See Periploca greca. 
VINE, SILVER. A popular name for Scindapsus 
argyrea, (which see). 
VINE SLUG. Thename popularly given, in North 
America, to the larva of the Grape-vine Sawfly (Selandria 
Vitis), which occasionally almost strips the leaves off the 
Vines in vineyards in the United States. The perfect 
insect has four wings, which are smoky-brown, but semi- 
transparent, with brown veins. The thorax is red, the rest ` 
of the body black, and the fore legs and lower side of the 
other legs pale yellow or whitish. The female is tin. long, 
the male rather shorter. The females lay their eggs in 
small clusters on the lower surface of the leaves at the 
tips of the shoots, in the spring and early summer. The 
larve feed side by side, in groups of fifteen to twenty. 
Beginning at the edge of a leaf, they eat inwards, with 
great regularity of rank, till they reach the leafstalk ; 
then they eat the next lower leaf, and so on down the 
shoot, The full-fed Jaren are a little more than jin. long, 
and are thickest a little behind the head, thence tapering 
