- 
E 
180 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Vine Slug—continued. 
backwards. They are pale yellow, with darker or greenish 
backs. Each ring bears two cross rows of minute, black 
dots The head and the tip of the last segment are black. 
At the last moult they become entirely yellow, and, crawl- 
ing down to the soil, burrow into it, and form small, 
oral, earthen cocoons. In a fortnight, the autumn brood 
of Sawflies emerges, and from their eggs a new brood of 
larve is hatched. : 
— Remedies. These insects have not been found in Europe, 
but may be brought from America with Vines. If intro- 
duced, the infested Vines should be sprinkled with 
Hellebore powder (joz. in 1 gal. of water) or Paris 
Green (half-a-teaspoonful in 1 gal. of water). 
VINE, WATER. A common name for Phytocrene 
(which see). 
VINE WEEVILS. Several species of the great 
group of Weevils are hurtful to the young twigs and 
leaves of Vines, They are hence sometimes distinguished 
as Vine Weevils; but this name is rather misleading, as 
they are all hurtful also to many other cultivated plants. 
They belong to the genera Otiorhynchus and Rhyn- 
chites. The species of most. frequent occurrence on Vines 
are: O. Ligustici, black, with greyish scales; O. picipes 
(Clay-coloured Vine Weevil), of a brown or earthy colour, 
sometimes approaching clay-yellow ; O. sulcatus, black 
or dark brown, with tufts of grey hairs on the wing- 
cases; and R. betuleti, shining blue or green, and hair- 
less, A full account of these insects, and of the appro- 
priate remedies against them, will be found under 
Otiorhynchus and Rhynchites. 
VINE, WONGA-WONGA. A common name for 
Tecoma australis (which see). 
A common name for Arundo 
VIOLA (the old Latin name used by Virgil, &c., akin 
to the Greek Ion). Heartsease; Pansy; Violet. Includ- 
ing Erpetion. ORD. Violariem. A large genus (about 
100 species) of mostly hardy, perennial herbs, rarely 
suffrutescent; nearly sixty are found in North temperate 
regions (seven in Britain), about thirty in South America, 
two in South or East Africa, and eight in Australia or 
New Zealand. Flowers often cleistogamous (except in the 
group of which V. tricolor may be taken as a representa- 
tive)—the large-petaled ones appear first, and often yield 
.no seed; the small-petaled, or apetalous ones, appear late, 
and are prolific—sepals sub-equal, produced at the base; 
petals spreading, the lower ones often larger, spurred or 
saceate at base; anthers connate, the connectives of the 
two lower ones often spurred at the base; peduncles 
axillary, one or rarely two-flowered. Leaves alternate; 
stipules persistent, often leaf-like.' Of the large number 
of species introduced, the best-known are here described; 
they are mostly dwarf plants—seldom exceeding 6in. in 
height—adapted for planting on rockwork, in flower 
borders, and, if sufficiently plentiful, in wild gardens, 
&e. Some of the species are very dwarf and compact 
in habit: these should, therefore, particularly if scarce, 
only be planted in select places where they can receive 
proper attention. The species may generally be propa- 
gated by seeds, by runners, or by divisions. 
The numerous varieties of bedding Violas and Pansies 
are popular and well-known plants, valuable for spring and 
summer bedding, for mixed borders, and for many other 
situations; they flower in the greatest profusion, and 
over a lengthened period, if the weather is not too hot 
and dry for their well-being. Seedlings may easily be 
raised, but varieties must be perpetuated by cuttings 
visio The treatment recommended under 
9 applicable to the bedding Violas. 
` 
. runners which will appear should be cut away when 
7 LI Ë Í 
Viola—continued. xs 
Varieties. The following is a selection of floriferous 
varieties, Perhaps many others are equally as good as 
those here named. 
ALPHA, bluish-purple. BLUE BELL, violet, shaded blue; very 
floriferous. CANARY, yellow; fine. CRITERION, violet; free. 
Dickson’s GOLDEN GEM, golden-yellow; very free. GRIEVE, 
yellow. HoLyYRoop, indigo-blue; fine. LILACINA, rich lilac. 
PILRIG PARK, pure white; large and good. ROYAL VISIT, 
violet self. SNOWDROP, waxy-white. THE TORY, plum-colour ; 
one of the best. 
SWEET VIOLETS (Viola odorata). Of these there are 
several varieties cultivated in gardens, and few flowers 
are more generally liked, particularly through the winter 
and spring months. To insure a supply at these periods, 
a special system of culture must be practised, and frames 
must be available. Stock plants may be divided—those 
similarly treated the previous year are preferable—into 
as many young single crowns as they admit, in April or 
May, and all the old crowns should be thrown away, 
unless required for propagating only. The selected crowns 
should be planted in good ground, and in an open situa- 
tion, about 9in. apart, allowing 12in. between the rows. 
A position where Violets generally succeed in summer is 
a north or north-west border, but much depends on local 
circumstances and the nature of the soil, whether light or 
heavy ; if light, the north border should be selected, as 
it would be cooler than elsewhere, and the plants would 
be less liable to the attacks of Red Spider, which is their 
greatest enemy. Attention to cleaning, lightly hoeing 
the surface soil, and watering, if necessary, are important 
details of summer management. Mulching with spent 
mushroom beds, or other short manure, is of great advan- 
tage if the summer be hot; it keeps the soil cool, and 
tends to prevent undue evaporation.  Syringing, or ` 
sprinkling with water from a can, in the evenings, after 
dry days, is recommended, and most of the young 
small Some cultivators save about three runners on 
each plant, and peg them down; these root and flower 
well during winter with the parent, and make excellent 
stock plants for the next year. Towards the middle or 
end of September, the frames, or pits, should be prepared, 
and the best specimens lifted and planted in them just ` 
elose enough to occupy all the space without overerowding. 
The frames should have a south aspect, and should 
be partially filled with well-prepared stable litter and 
leaves. About Gin. of soil is necessary for planting in, . 
and this should be brought up as near the glass as the 
foliage will allow, so that full exposure to light and 
sunshine in winter will be assured. Give a thorough 
watering, and keep the frames rather close for about a 
week after planting; plenty of air may then be admitted, 
on all favourable opportunities, all through the winter, 
the sashes being entirely removed during sunshine and 
when there is no frost, and also in very mild weather. 
Foggy weather is injurious to Violets in frames: it causes 
damping amongst the leaves, and prevents proper develop- 
ment of the flowers. Marie Louise is one of the best 
of ali Violets for frame culture when treated as described; 
Comte Brazza and the old Neapolitan are also excellent. 
The Neapolitan does not generally grow so freely as 
Marie Louise, and is later in flowering. These three 
double-flowered varieties are general favourites for frames. 
Varieties. There are several varieties, both double 
and single-flowered; the following selection comprises 
most of the best: : 
ARGENTJEFLORA, purplish-white, very fragrant. COMTE BRAZZA, 
white, double, sweet-scented ; Mer good. Czar, blue, single, 
large, and produced in great profusion. MARIE LOUISE, 
lavender-blue and white, very large flowers, sweet-scented ; vel 
floriferous, extra fine. NEAPOLITAN, pale lavender; an old an 
well-known double variety, very sweet-scented. ODORATA ALBA, pi 
white, single; dwarf and distinct. QUEEN OF VIOLETS, white, 
flus! with pink, double. RUSSIAN, blue, single, large, very 
free; an old variety. VICTORIA REGINA, blue, double, large, ` 
fragrant. WHITE CZaR, a white form of Czar. SE 
