AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. ` 
Viola—continued. ? 
V. altaica (Altaian) fl. yellow, large; sepals acute, denti- 
culate; spur scarcely as long as the appendages of the sepals; 
stigma urceolate. March to June. ¿Z oval; stipules cuneate, 
with acute teeth. Stem short. Root creeping, slender, 
Altaian Mountains, 1805, (B. M. 1776; B. R. 54; R. G. 1071.) 
V. arenaria, (sand-loving.) fl. pale blue, on short, axillary 
branches from a compact rosette; sepals acute; petals broad; 
spur short. May and June. J. orbicular-ovate, obtuse. Europe 
(Britain), &c. Plant small, tufted, pubescent, 2in. to 6in. in 
diameter. (Sy. En. B. 174 bis.) 
V. biflora (two-flowered) fl. yellow, the lip streaked with 
` black, small; sepals linear; petals smooth; spur very short; 
stigma bifid. April and May. Jl. reniform, serrated, smooth; 
stipules ovate. Stem erect, about two-flowered. Roots creeping. 
.) 
Europe, Siberia, &c., 1752. (B. M. 2089; F. D. 46. 
V. blanda (charming) fl. white, small, faintly sweet-scented ; 
petals mostly beardless, the lateral ones veined with lilac ; spur 
short. Early spring. I round-cordate or reniform, minutely 
pubescent. Rootstock creeping. North America, 1802, 
V. calcarata (spurred). f. blue or white; sepals oblong, glan- 
dularly denticulate; spur awl-shaped, longer than the calyx. 
March to July. i. spathulate-roundish or elongated, crenate ; 
` stipules | orem or trifid. Stems short, simple, tufted. Root 
fibrous, diffuse. Austria, 1752. A very variable species. 
V. c. albiflora (white-flowered). fl. white, large. Z, stipules 
cut, scarcely ciliated. Stem short. (R. G. 1028. 
V. e. Halleri (Haller's). fl. blue, large. Otherwise like V. c. 
albiflora. ` (R. G. 1028.) e 
V. canadensis (Canadian) /l., petals white or whitish inside, 
the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral 
ones bearded ; spur very short ; stigma beakless. en Zi August, 
l. cordate, pointed, serrated. stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire. 
h. lft. to 2ft. North America, 1785. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 62.) 
V. canina (canine). Dog Violet. Z. blue, lilac, grey, or white, 
Jin. to Lin, in diameter; sepals narrow, acuminate; spur obtuse; 
style clavate, hooked. April to August. l. long-petiolate, 
crenate-serrate, narrow ovate-cordate. Europe (Britain), &c. 
Very variable in size, habit, and colour of flower. (F. D. 2646.) 
: V. e. lactea (milky). fl. grey; petals narrow, the spur very short. 
l. ovate-lanceolate, rounded or cuneate at base. Rootstock short, 
without runners. Plant very slender. (Sy. En. B. 176, under 
name of V. lactea.) 
V. c. persiczfolia (Peach-leaved). Z. pale lilac or white ; spur 
very short. Z, oblong-lanceolate, truncate at base ; upper ones- ` 
narrower. Rootstock long, with runners. t 
V. capillaris (capillary). Z. pale blue; lateral petals densely 
bearded ; spur short, obtuse, greenish ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 
slender, four to six times as long as the leaves. May to August. 
l. petiolate, ovate or ovate-oblong, 4in. to Zin. long, obtuse at 
ecurrent, slightly acute at apex, the i 
deed emeng ted. Stems Ici, si swmbont, 
e Å r-serrat many, ecum , 
Set, Gg (F. d. S. 983.) Gang ET 
FIG. 195. VIOLA CORNUTA. 
V. cornuta (horned)* fl. pale blue; sepals awl-shaped ; spur 
awlshaped, elongated and abrupt at the base. May to July. 
L. cordate-ovate, crenate, ciliated ; stipules obliquely cordate, 
toothed, ciliated. Stems ascending, diffuse, Root fibrous. Swit- 
zerland and Pyrenees, 1776. Planttufted. See Figs. 195 and 196. 
B. M. 791.) B. H. 1871, 9, represents one of the numerous large- 
.. flowered garden forms, called PERFECTION. i 
Wa: 
cucullata (hooded).” Jf. deep or pale violet-blue or purple, 
Sometimes nearly white or variegated with white; lateral, and 
. often the lower, petals bearded ; spur short and thick ; stigma 
slightly beaked or beakless; scapes 3in. to 10in. high. Early 
spring. J. long-petiolate, erect, cordate, with a broad sinus, vary- 
` ing to reniform and dilated-triangular, smooth or more or less 
$ pu nt, the sides at the base rolled in when young, 
obtusely serrated. Rootstocks thickly toothed. North America, 
1762. . À very variable species. See Fig. 197. (B. M. 1795; 
sce F. G. ser. ii. 298.) There is a variegated form in culti- 
vation. 
WV. montana (mountain-loving). jl, white, at length bluish 
Viola—continued. 
V. e. palmata (palmate-leaved).  /. variously three to seven- 
cleft or_parted, or the earlier ones entire on the same plant. 
(B. 35, under name of V. palmata.) 
V. dentata (toothed). A synonym of V. sagittata. 
V. eriocarpa, (woolly-fruited) A form of V. pubescens. 
V. flabellata (fan-like). A synonym of V. pedata. 
V. flabellifolia, (fan-leaved). A synonym of V. pedata, 
Fig. 196. FLOWERS OF VIOLA CORNUTA. 
V. hederacea (Ivy-like).* fl. blue, rarely white, usually small, 
but sometimes Zin. broad; petals glabrous, or the lateral ones 
slightly pubescent inside; spur reduced to a slight concavity. 
July. l. reniform, orbicular, or spathulate, usually less than 
lin., but in very luxuriant specimens lin,-to ljin., broad, entire 
or toothed. Australia, 1823. Plant tufte -hardy. (H. E. F. 
iii. 225; L. B. C. 1133.) SYNS. Erpetion he ceum, E. reniforme . 
(S. B. F. G. 170). 
V. hirta (hairy) A. inodorous or faintly scented ; spur long and 
hooked ; bracts lower on the peduncle ; anther spurs lanceolate. 
April to June. l. narrower and more triangular, with dee 
crenatures and a shallower sinus ; hairs of petiole more rn 
a like V. odorata. Europe (Britain), &c. (Sy. En. B. 
' 
V. lactea (milky). A form of V. canina. 
V. lanceolata (lance-leaved). i. white, small; petals beardless, ` 
the lower ones vei with lilac. Early spring. J. lanceo- 
late, erect, blunt, tapering into a long-margined mes almost 
entire. Rootstock creeping: North America, 1759. (L. B. 
211; S. B. P. G. 174.) 
spur conical, truncate, straight, greenish, shorter than the T 
stigma papillose, slightly reflexed. May to July. L,lower ones ` 
cordate, up r ones ovate, acute; petioles margined; stipules 
oblong, too: or incised. Stem simple, erect. h. 1ft. Europe 
and Siberia, 1683. (B. M. 1595.) 
V. m. Ruppii (Ruppius). J. cordate or lanceolate. Stems pro- 
cumbent. (A. F. P. ui 26 and L. B. C. 686, under name of 
V. Ruppii.) ; 
V. Munbyana (Munby’s).* fl. violet or yellow, large, one to 
three from the lower axils ; Se straight, nearly twice exceeding 
the calyx; peduncle erect, long-exceeding the ves. Spring. E 
l. ovate-cordate, obtuse, obtusely crenate, glabrous, or the — 
margins slightly ciliated. Stems procumbent. Algiers. A pretty 
species. lutea is a yellow-flowered form. . 
V. odorata (odorous).* Sweet Violet. fl. blue, white, or red- 
purple, fragrant ; lateral petals with or without a tuft of hairs 
spur nearly straight, short, obtuse; anther spurs linear-o ; 
style hooked ; stigma oblique; bracts about the middle of the 
uncle. March to May. J. en ad cordate at base, the sinus 
closed ;. stipules glandular; petioles deflexed-hairy. Rootstock 
short, scarred, with very long runners. Europe (Britain), &c. 
(B. M. PI. 25; Sy. En. B. 171.) E EE 
V. o. alba (white) fl. white. 
V; o. pallida-plena (pale double). Neapolitan Violet. fl. pale 
lavender, double, very sweet-scented. x Geer SC 
V. o. permixta (confused) fl. pale, scentless. Runners not 
rooting. i SE 
V. o. sepincola (hedge-loving). fl. dark, scentless. Runners 
rooting. More baby Sind DIAN e s... ee 
