AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 
ppm 
Viola—continued. 
side. April to August. Z. ovate, the lower ones somewhat 
cordate, crenate, fringed; stipules pinnatifid, rather lyrate. 
Stems zigzag, branched, diffuse. Root rather fusiform. nee 
and Belgium, 1781. Plant hispid or pilose. (B. M. 1498.) 
V. rotundifolia (round-leaved). ^ d. yellow; lateral petals 
bearded and marked with brown lines; spur very short. Early 
ring. l. round-ovate, cordate, slightly crenate, lin. broad at 
owering time, increasing in the summer to 3in. or 4in., then 
lying flat on the ground, shining above. Rootstock creeping. 
North America, 1800. 
Y. Ruppii (Ruppius’). A variety of V. montana. 
V. sagittata (arrow-leaved). fl. purple-blue, rather large ; lateral, 
or occasionally all, petals bearded ; spur short and thick ; stigma 
beaked. Spring and early summer. J. on small and margined, 
or the later ones on naked, petioles, varying from oblong- 
cordate to hastate, sagittate, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate, den- 
ticulate, sometimes cut-toothed near the base. North America, 
1775. Plant smoothish or hairy. (L. B. C. 1471.) SYN. V. den- 
tata (L. B. C. 1485). 
V. s. emarginata (emarginate). /., petals emarginate or bi- 
dentate. J. almost triangular, lacerate-toothed near the base. 
V. Selkirkii (Selkirk's) fl. pale violet; spur very large, almost 
as long as the petals, thickened at the end. Spring and early 
summer. l round-cordate, crenate, An, to llin. long, minutely 
hairy above, and having a deep, narrow sinus; petioles (and 
scapes) lin. to 2in. long. . Rootstock filiform, fibrous-rooted. 
North America, 1873. A small and delicate plant. (R. G. 752.) 
Syn. V. umbrosa. 
V. striata (striated). fi. cream-coloured or white; lateral petals , 
bearded, the lower ones striped with purplish lines; spur rather 
thick, much shorter than the petals; stigma beaked. April to 
October. I cordate, finely serrated, often acute; stipules large, 
oblong-lanceolate, nm fringed - toothed. Stems angular, 
ascending, 6in. to 10in. high. orth America, 1772. 
V. suavis (sweet). Russian Violet. jl. pale blue, white at the 
base, sweet-scented ; sepals obtuse; four upper petals narrowest, 
the lower one emarginate, the two lateral ones with a hairy line ; 
stigma hooked, naked. March to May. I reniform-cordate, 
crenate, pubescent. Stolons long, creeping and rooting. Tauria, 
1 
820. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 126.) 
FIG. 198. VIOLA PEDATA. 
V. sylvatica (sylvan). Wood Violet. f. bluish-purple or lilac, 
on axillary branches from a radical rosette ; base of sepals much 
produced in fruit; spur short, broad, compressed, furrowed, 
‘usually pale. March to July. J. broadly ovate-cordate ; stipules 
lanceolate, acute, fimbriated or toothed. Rootstock short. 
Europe (Britain). Plant glabrous. 
V. s. Reichenbachiana (Reichenbach’s). fi. paler, smaller, 
and earlier than in the species; spur longer; sepals scarcely 
produced in fruit. (Sy. En. B. 174.) 
V. s. Riviniana (Rivinus’). . bluish-purple or lilac, scent- 
less, gin. to lin. across; petals obovate-oblong, the lowest 
much broader than the others; peduncles long, with two small 
bracts. Late summer. /., lower ones as broad as (or broader 
Leg long; upper ones a little narrower than long. (Sy. En. 
B. 173, under name of V. Riviniana.) 
tricolor 
rp edge lin. to 
liin. in di 
(three-coloured).* Heartease; Pansy. A. 
eter; sepals with petals purple, 
large auricles ` 
Viola—continued. 
whitish, or golden-yellow, sometimes particoloured; stigma 
sine, excavated. May to September. ¿L long-petiolate, ovate- 
oblong or lanceolate, lin. to Län. long, lyrate, coarsely and 
remotely crenate-serrate; stipules jin. to jin. broad, Stem An. 
to 18in. long, branched, erect or ascending, angular, flexuous. 
FIG, 199. VIOLA TRICOLOR. 
Rootstock none. Europe (Britain), &c. See Fig. 199. (Sy. En. B. 
178.) Inaddition tothe two most popular names above mentioned, 
the following are applied to this species : Call-me-to-you, Fancy, 
Flamy, Garden Gate, Herb Trinity, Jump-up-and-kiss-me, Kiss- 
me, Kiss-me-at-the-garden-gate, Live-in-idleness, Love-in-idleness, 
Pink-of-my-John, Three-faces-under-a-hood, Tickle-my-fancy. 
V. t. arvensis (field-loving) fl. white or yellowish; petals 
usually shorter than the sepals, or wanting. Stem elongated, 
branched. (Sy. En. B. 179.) 
V.t.Curtisii (Curtis). /. blue, purple, or yellow; petals spread- 
ing, rather longer than the sepals. Rootstock branched, stoloni- 
ferous, tufted. (Sy. En. B. 180.) 
V. t. lutea (yellow). Mountain Vine. fl. blue, purple, or yellow; 
petals spreading, much longer than the sepals. Rootstock 
branched. Branches slender, with short stems and underground 
runners, (Sy. En. B. 181.) 
V. umbrosa (shade-loving) A synonym of V. Selkirkii. 
V. variegata (variegated-leaved). fl. pale violet; spur cylin- 
drical, straight, as long as the sepals. May and June. J. cordate- 
ovate or roundish, violaceous below, obscurely green above, white 
at the veins, and rather hispid (in fruit-bearing plants large and 
almost glabrous) ; stipules lanceolate, denticulated. Root rather 
hard, sub-divided. Dahuria, 1817. (R. G. 1852, 20.) 
VIOLACEOUS. Violet-coloured. 
VIOLARIEZE. A natural order of broadly-dispersed 
herbs or shrubs, the former plentiful in temperate regions, 
the latter more numerous in the tropics. Flowers herm- 
aphrodite, rarely polygamous, axillary, solitary or in 
cymes, racemes, or panicles; sepals five, imbricated, rarely ` 
persistent; petals five, hypogynous or slightly peri- 
gynous, unequal or sub-equal, imbricated, often twisted; 
perfect stamens five; anthers erect; pedicels usually 
bibracteolate. Fruit a capsule, often opening elastically 
by as many seed-bearing valves as there are placentas; 
or an indehiscent berry. Leaves alternate or rarely 
opposite, simple, entire or rarely laciniate ; stipules leafy 
or small, in the shrubby species generally deciduous. 
The order embraces twenty-one genera, and about 240 
species, many of which are well known in gardens. 
Examples: Hymenanthera, Sauvagesia, Viola. 
"VIOLET. See Viola. 
VIOLET, ADDER’S. A name applied to Goodyera 
pubescens (which see). E 
VIOLET, BOG. A name given to the species of 
Pinguicula. x i 
VIOLET, CANATHIAN. A common name 
for 
Gentiana Pneumonanthe (which see). : 
