AN ENCYCLOPADIA OF HORTICULTURE. 
195 
Walnut—continued. 
to be preferred. The delicate young shoots and fruits 
are liable to be much injured by late spring frosts. 
Walnuts for pickling should be gathered when the shell 
is quite soft, so that a needle will readily pass through. 
Fig, 211. FRUITING BRANCH OF WALNUT (Juglans regia). 
The ripe fruits (see Fig. 211) drop, and their husks open 
and disclose the nut in a way which is generally familiar. 
Squirrels will collect large quantities and store them; if 
there are any of these animals about, the crop must be 
secured as soon as ripe, or the depredators destroyed. 
Walnuts may be preserved in several ways for use 
during winter: dried and packed in clean jars or casks, 
with alternate layers of sand, they keep well; or placed 
in jars with close-fitting lids, and buried in the ground. 
Placing them in jars and sprinkling them with salt, and 
burying in oak sawdust, are other methods of preserva- 
tion which have been recommended. 
DrisEASES, Zo The Walnut is not affected by any 
disease of sufficient importance to call for special remark ; 
though several insects and Fungi attack the tree and 
fruit, they do no appreciable harm in England. 
Sorts.  Small-fruited varieties are best for growing 
to produce fruit. Besides the common Walnut, which 
is an abundant bearer, the following are most desirable: 
DWARF PROLIFIC, a dwarf-growing variety which bears abund- 
antly when quite small. HIGHFLYER, early, of medium size, 
thin-shelled. THIN-SHELLED, an excellent variety, with a thin, 
tender shell, well filled; of better quality than the common 
variety. 
WALNUT-TREE, INDIAN. 
for Aleurites triloba (which see). 
WALSURA (altered from Wallursi, the Telinga 
name). ORD. Meliacew. A genus comprising about a 
dozen species of stove, evergreen trees, limited to India 
and the Indian Archipelago. Flowers small; calyx short, 
five-cleft or five-parted; petals five, ovate-oblong, spread- 
ing; filaments ten or eight; panicles axillary and terminal. 
Leaves one to five-foliolate; leaflets opposite, quite entire, 
pale beneath. Perhaps W. robusta is not now in culti- 
vation. W. piscidia is met with in botanic gardens. 
They require similar treatment to that recommended for 
Chloroxylon. 
W. piscidia (fish-poison). fl. 
staminal tube hail the een of the 
June. I Zin. to Tin. long ; leaflets lin. 
A common name 
sordid-yellow ; petals imbricated ; 
petals, eq ten-cleft. 
to 4in. long, Zin. to 18in. 
Walsura—continued. 
broad, sub-ternate, elliptic, obtuse, often retuse, glabrous, shining, 
pale beneath A. 20ft. India, 1830, The bark acts as a fish- 
poison. 
W. robusta (robust) i. white, iin. long; panicles nearly as 
long as the leaves, densely puberulent. June. l. bin. to l2in. 
long; leaflets five, sometimes three, ovate or elliptic, 
I Ee shining. A. 20ft. and upwards. India, 
WALTHERIA (named in honour of Aug. 
Fried. Walther, 1688-1746, Professor at Leipzig). 
ORD. Sterculiacee. A genus embracing about 
sixteen species of stove, stellate-pubescent herbs, 
sub-shrubs, or rarely trees; one is broadly dis- 
persed over temperate regions, two are found 
in Africa, two in Oceania, and the rest are 
American. Flowers often rather small, glo- 
merate or cymose in the axils, or disposed in 
terminal heads, racemes, or panicles; calyx 
five-cleft; petals five. Leaves serrated. The 
species possess little beauty, and are probably 
now unknown to cultivation. 
WAMPEE-TREE. See Cookia, 
WANDERING JEW. See Saxifraga 
sarmentosa. 
WANGHEE OR WHANGEE CANE. 
See Phyllostachys nigra. 
WARATAH-TREE. See Telopea spe- 
ciosissima, 
WARDEN. An old name for a variety of 
Pear used in making “ Warden pies.” 
WARDIAN CASE. Wardian Cases are 
invaluable for packing pot-plants that have to 
travel long sea voyages. By their aid many new and 
rare plants of foreign climates are annually imported 
into this country, and others which we possess are ex- 
ported in a similar way. The importation and exporta- 
tion of plants in Wardian Cases is mostly conducted by 
some of the principal nurserymen and those in charge 
of botanic gardens, who usually make special arrange- 
ments, so that what they send away or have sent to 
them shall be of sufficient value and importance to 
warrant the outlay incurred, which is often somewhat 
considerable. Certain seasons are also selected for sending 
plants to particular countries abroad, such as are best 
calculated to favour a safe voyage in respect of the 
effect of climatic conditions on the plants during transit. 
Wardian Cases are made in different sizes to hold 
small or somewhat large plants, as the case may be. 
The pots are usually packed in soil or cocca fibre, and 
held in position by narrow strips of wood, which are 
firmly secured by nailing them close down on the top of 
each inside the Case. The roof, if it may be so called, 
is made of two frames which fit on the ends and meet 
together at the top, where they form a ridge. They are 
glazed, and the glass protected by thin pieces of wood, 
which are fixed a short distance apart, so as to allow as 
much light as possible to pass to the plants inside. One 
or both of these sash-frames is movable, and may be 
unscrewed and taken off for the purpose of packing or 
unpacking. When travelling, Wardian Cases are nearly 
air-tight, so that but little evaporation or change of air 
can take place, only a small circular hole, covered with 
perforated zinc, being allowed at each of the ends near the 
top. The frames in which the glass is embedded are made 
air-tight by being fitted up with putty before being 
screwed. Instructions are invariably given as to the part 
of a ship where Wardian Cases should be placed during 
the voyage. U 
Other kinds of Wardian Cases are those used for 
plant-culture in drawing-rooms, &c., and in ferneries, 
for the special accommodation of Filmy Ferns, and such 
as require a very moist atmosphere. The former, with 
