AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE, 211. 
WILLUGHBEIA (of Klotzsch). A synonym of Lan- 
dolphia (which see). 
WIND. The various points from which the Wind 
proceeds, and the amount of its force, are matters requiring 
daily consideration in the proper management of. glass 
structures, and for the preservation against injury of 
plants and trees outside. The damage caused by a rough 
gale is often of a most disastrous nature; sometimes 
large and valuable trees are uprooted, or have their 
branches torn off, causing permanent disfigurement. In 
different localities and situations, what are known as the 
prevailing Winds have to be taken into account in planting 
operations: in some, the gales most frequently proceed 
from one particular point — south-west, for instance—while 
in others, a wood, hill, or large belt of trees may afford 
protection from that, but not from some other direction. 
Situations on various parts of the sea-coast, and also 
inland, will be locally affected in regard to prevailing 
Winds. The destruction caused by the Wind to fruit 
crops is, unfortunately, too familiar Newly-planted 
trees of all kinds, of sufficient size to be rocked to and 
_ fro by the force of the Wind, should always be secured 
with stakes for the first season, after which their roots 
will have generally taken a good hold, thus rendering 
them safe. Plants in pots—Chrysanthemums, for example 
—are soon destroyed by a gale if not securely staked and 
tied. A cold Wind has a most injurious effect on the 
tender foliage of trees and plants in glass structures, 
particularly in early spring, when too frequently it pro- 
ceeds from. an easterly or north-easterly direction. Pre- 
ventive measures should be adopted, as far as possible, 
beforehand, so that when the Wind’s force is suddenly 
increased to a gale, everything may be secured against 
injury. Not unfrequently, the proper provision which 
it is necessary to make against rough weather is forgotten 
when trees are newly planted; or plants in pots are placed 
In exposed situations during a calm period; and the 
effects of the first rough Wind are disastrous. 
WINDFALL. A term frequently applied to such 
fruits as may often be found lying in an immature con- 
dition below the trees, e.g., Apples, &c. The young fruits 
may be knocked off by one branch striking on another 
m a high wind; but very frequently the cause of the 
premature fall will be found, on careful examination, to 
be the presence of some parasite in the fruit. The most 
frequent cause is a larva feeding on the seeds, e.g., the 
Apple or Codlin Grub (Carpocapsa pomonana) in imma- 
ture Apples. Such larve generally leave the fruit very 
Soon after its fall, to burrow in the soil, and there to 
become pupæ. It is, therefore, very desirable to prevent 
future harm by having the Windfalls picked up with- 
out delay, and given to pigs, or placed where the larvæ 
may be unable to find a favourable situation for be- 
coming pupe. 
WIND FLOWER. 
Pneumonanthe. 
WINDOW GARDEN. Many cottagers and amateurs 
who have no glass structure at their command take an 
especial interest in plant cultivation, and set admirable 
examples of what may be accomplished by constant atten- 
tion, even in an ordinary window. Window Gardening 
has of late years made rapid strides, partly from the 
encouragement given to it locally by the managers of 
annual exhibitions, and even more so by the greater 
interest in the cultivation of flowers which has become so 
generally diffused. By the term Window Gardening, the 
cultivation of plants in a window, or on the sill outside 
m favourable weather, should only be referred to; decora- 
tive subjects that are grown to perfection elsewhere, and 
. en used temporarily for windows, ought not to be 
Judged in comparison. Windows facing south, or nearly 
5o, are best adapted for plants generally; but many sub- 
See Anemone and Gentiana 
Window Garden—continued. 
jects will succeed admirably in less favourable aspects. 
The general potting of window plants is best attended 
to in spring, when the drainage must be rendered com- 
plete. As a rule, it is necessary to use saucers to prevent 
water running into the room; the water should be 
emptied out so soon as the plant is well soaked. "When 
water is required—and this time can only be known by 
practice—a good soaking should be given, and in summer 
an occasional sprinkling over the foliage, through a fine 
rose or syringe, generally helps to keep the plants clean 
and in health. During severe frost, window plants are 
at times unsafe in their usual quarters; they should 
then be placed temporarily on the floor for the night; in 
the day-time, where there is a fire in the room, plants 
are usually safe in the window, unless they are of an 
exceptionally tender kind. Amongst window plants that 
generally succeed well, Zonal Pelargoniums, of various 
sorts, perhaps take first place; the scented-leaved ones 
are also great favourites: Other subjects which may 
readily be adapted to culture in the same position are: 
Fuchsias, Calceolarias, some of the dwarf Campanulas, 
Chinese Primulas, several kinds of Cacti, greenhouse 
Ferns, spring-flowering bulbs (such as Hyacinths and 
Tulips), Heliotropes, Myrtles, &c. Many more might be 
enumerated, but those mentioned afford a great selection. 
Richardia africana and Vallota purpurea sometimes suc- 
ceed as window plants. 
WINDROOT. See Asclepias tuberosa. 
WIND ROSE. Se Remeria hybrida. 
WINEBERRY. An old name for the Whortleberry 
(Vaccinium Myrtillus). 
WINE PALM, EAST INDIAN. Se Phenix 
sylvestris. 
WINGS. The two lateral petals of a papilionaceons 
corolla; any kind of membranous expansion. 
WINTERA. A synonym of Drimys (which see). 
WINTER ACONITE. See Eranthis. 
WINTERANA. A synonym of Canella (which see). 
` WINTERBERRY. A common name for several 
species of Ilex (which see). 
WINTER BLOOM. A common name for Hama- 
melis virginica (which see). 
WINTER CHERRY. Se Physalis Alkekengi. 
WINTER CLOVER. A common name for 
Mitchella repens (which see). 
WINTER CRESS. See Barbarea. 
WINTER DAFFODIL. See Sternbergia lutea. 
WINTER GARDEN. A term usually employed 
to denote a very large, cool, glass structure, from which 
the frost is merely excluded, the interior being occupied 
by subjects insufficiently hardy to withstand our climate 
utside during the winter. oneral 
of sufficient es to allow of the centre part of the interior 
being laid out in walks bd large beds. The latter are 
lanted with all the stronger-growing 
Leger be properly accommodated in pots. ` gy 
them Himalayan Rhododendrons may be d 
tioned, as their foliage is attractive at all rey seet 
their flowers in spring and summer are amongst the em 
beautiful; Camellias, Australian Acacias, and other oat 
wooded plants of a like description, e io z z 
Tree Ferns, Palms, and any good plants that o d d 
a little protection in winter. A Winter Garden, A t 
as a conservatory, would admit of the introduc 
all greènhouse plants in their seasons on the shelyes 
A Winter Garden is generally 
occupants that — 
