222 
THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Xanthochymus—continued. 
peat; and may be propagated by cuttings of ripened 
shoots, inserted in sand, under a glass, in strong 
bottom heat. 
X. dulcis (sweet-fruited). fl. cream-white, in fascicles; petals 
conniving in a globular form ; peduncles scarcely longer than the 
flowers. February. Jr. bright yellow, smooth, the size of an 
apple, with copious yellow pulp, palatable and good. I opposite, 
6in. or more long, oblong, acuminate, coriaceous, entire, bright 
ai pom, paler beneath. A. 20ft. Molucca Islands, 1820. 
(B. M. 3 
X. ovalifolius (oval-leaved). Z. white, lin. to jin. in diameter, 
the males and females often mixed in one fascicle, but usually 
the females are fascicled and the males spiked. Summer. jr. 
deep green, the size of a walnut. /. sub-orbicular to lanceolate, 
obtuse, Ain. to 84in. long. India. A middling-sized tree. SYN. 
Garcinia ovalifolia. 
X. pictorius (painter’s).* A. white; males jin. in diameter, in 
four to eight-flowered fascicles from the axils of fallen leaves ; 
hermaphrodite ones like the males. Summer. fr. dark yellow, 
the size of an apple, globose, pointed. Z. linear-oblong or oblong- 
lanceolate, 9in. to l8in. long, coriaceous, shining, reticulated. 
Trunk straight. A. 40ft. India. This tree yields a large quantity 
of indifferent pnr See Fig. 232. (B. F. S. 88; R. H, 1881 
p. 13) SYN. Garcinia Xanthochymus. 
XANTHOCOMA. A synonym of Xanthocephalum 
(which see). 
OCROMYON. A synonym of Trimezia 
(which see). 
XANTHORHIZA (from zanthos, yellow, and rhiza, 
a root; alluding to the bright yellow colour of the long 
roots and rootstock). Syn. Zanthorhiza. ORD. Ranun- 
culacee. A monotypic genus. The species is a hardy, 
dwarf shrub or under-shrub. It thrives in common 
garden soil, and may be increased by suckers. 
X. apiifolia (Apium-leaved). dark purple, small, often poly- 
gamous, in slender, compound racemes, appearing before (and 
under) the leaves; sepals five, petaloid; petals fiv 
clawed, often dilated at apex. March aia A Til. he cere 
long-petiolate ; leaflets three to five, ovate and 
^73 ni lobed and toothed from near the acute pas ie 
high. North America, 1766. (B. M.1736; B. M. Pl. 9.) 
XANTHORRHGA (from zanthos, yellow, and rheo 
. to flow; referring to the resinous juice extracted fon 
_ the plants). Black Boy; Grass Gum-tree; Grass-tree. 
"ORD. Juncacee. A genus embracing eleven species of 
greenhouse, long-lived perennials, with a thick, woody 
caudex, all natives of Australia. Perianth persistent, of 
six distinct segments; stamens six; scape or peduncle 
terminal, hard, often several feet long, terminating in a 
dense, cylindrical spike of numerous sub-sessile flowers 
closely packed with numerous bracteoles surrounding 
each flower within a small or subulate, subtending bract 
Leaves in a dense tuft at the top of the caudex, long- 
linear, brittle, spreading or recurved, their broader 
closely imbricated bases remaining long persistent, 
Caudex of _Several species emitting a copious, dark or 
yellow, resinous gum (the former kind called Black-boy 
Gum, and the latter Botany Bay or Acaroid Resin) 
Some of these plants form conspicuous features in Aus- 
tralian landscapes. Those best known to cultivation are 
here described; all have white flowers, appearing in 
spring. They thrive in a compost of peat and loam and 
may be increased by offsets. U 
pe April. 
triquetrous, 3ft. to 4ft. long, two or t ° pril, I. flat or 
attaining several feet in height, with cae, ks ANE 
X. australis (Southern) /., spik , 
S 2ft. long, nearly Nin? in eleng e ider iaria 
De Ty Summer. Z about 2ft. long, one line or rather men 
Med onem hat fat but with, the deal anglo and somes 
pe, prominen: 1 
exceeding 2ft. in height. 1824, ` audex elongated, but rarely 
f 
.. X. bracteata (conspicuous-bracted (ORA a 
. bin. long, Jin. or sometimes jin. in A ee Mey din. to 
and very conspicuous in the young Spike ; scape 2ft. 
Xanthorrhea—continued. 
to 3ft. high. Summer. J. about 2ft. long, one line cr rather 
more broad, concave above, the dorsal angle slightly projecting 
in the lower part, tapering upwards into a narrow, triquetrous 
point. Caudex very short. 1910. 
X. hastilis (spear-like) d. spike lift. to 2ft. long, a dense, 
rusty tomentum covering the ends of the bracts and outer 
perianth segments; scape often 6ft. to 8ft. long below the 
spike. ¿L 3ft. to 4ft. long, two to three lines broad, flat in 
front, but with the dorsal angle more or less prominent. 
Caudex very short, or often scarcely prominent. 1805. (B. M. 
4722; F. d. S. 868.) 
X. minor (lesser). /L, spi e 3in. to 6in., rarely Tin. or even 8in., 
long, seven to eight lines in diameter when fully out; scape, 
when full grown, often longer than the leaves. /. crowded on 
the caudex, lft. to 2ft. long, one to nearly two lines broad, flat 
but thick, or more or less triquetrous. Caudex short and 
thick. 1804. (B. M. 6297.) 
X. Preissii (Preiss’).* jl., perianth segments about lin. long, the 
outer ones oblong, the inner ones broader; spike lin. in dia- 
meter; scape 2ít. to 6ft. long (including the spike, which occupies 
half to nearly the whole length). April. /. from a short, flat 
base, 2ft. to 4ft. long, one to two lines broad, rigid, very brittle 
when young. Caudex thick and simple, short, or attaining Sft. 
to 6ft. Sunes, according to Oldfield, as much as 15ft.). 7 
(B. M. 6933. 
X. quadrangulata (quadrangular). d. spike 3ft. to 4ft. long, 
liin. in diameter when in flower; scape as long, or longer. 
slender but rigid, lift. long, strictly quadrangular, though 
sometimes slightly flattened, rarely above one line broad. 
Caudex lengthening out to several feet. 1874. (B. M. 6075.) 
XANTHOS. This term, used in Greek compounds, 
signifies such yellow as gamboge; e.g. Xanthophyll, the 
yellow eolouring matter of plants. 
XANTHOSIA (from zanthos, yellow; alluding to 
the yellow down with which some of the species are 
covered). Syn. Leucolena. Orp. Umbellifere. A genus 
comprising seventeen species of greenhouse herbs or 
small shrubs, diffuse or decumbent at the base, or erect, 
often clothed with long, soft hairs, mixed with a stellate 
tomentum, natives of Australia. Calyx lobes peltate, 
cordate, or not attached by the whole of the base; 
petals with an induplicate point and reduplicate margins; 
umbels usually compound, the partial ones with two or 
three bracts, and several almost sessile flowers, the 
general one of three or four rays, and as many bracts, 
but sometimes the whole umbel reduced to very few, 
or to a single flower. Leaves toothed, lobed, or ternately 
divided. The two species introduced require simi 
treatment to Trachymene (which see). 
X. hirsuta (hairy. A synonym of X. pilosa. 
X. montana (mountain-loying). A synonym of X. pilosa. 
X. pilosa (pilose), /. white; peduncles usually two at the 
nodes, each usually with two flowers, more rarely three or only 
one, with two or three short, narrow bracts forming a genera 
involucre at the base of the short pedicels or rays. June. 
coarsely sinuate-toothed, three or tive-lobed or rarely three- 
parted, the central lobe always longer than the lateral ones, 
rarely exceeding lin. in length. A. lft. to 2ft. 1826. An erect, 
or more frequently diffuse or procumbent shrub. SYNS. 
hirsuta, X. montana. 
XANTHOSOMA (from zanthos, yellow, and soma, ® 
body; alluding. to the large, lobed, depressed, yellow 
stigma). Including Acontias and Phyllotenium. ORD: 
Aroidee (Aracew) A genus consisting of about twenty- 
five species of stove, milky, perennial herbs, inhabiting 
tropical America. Flowers moncecious, the imperfect 
males between the perfect ones and the females; spathe 
tube oblong or ovoid, convolute, accrescent, persistent, 
at length bursting irregularly, the throat constricted, 
the lamina boat-shaped; spadix inappendiculate, shorter 
than the spathe, and adnate with it at base ; male m- 
florescence cylindrical or clavate, elongated, the imperfect 
