* 
AN ENCYCLOPZEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
227 
produces a cone-shaped Gall at the tips of the young 
twigs, composed of crowded, overlapping leaves (see 
Fig. 236), which remain short, but become broader than 
_the healthy leaves; they are like the latter in colour. 
The larve live between the altered leaves. The Galls 
are usually of the size figured. They are generally 
solitary; but two or three may be present at the tip 
of a twig. The simplest method for preventing harm 
to the trees from this cause is to pick off the young 
Galls, as this destroys the larve. j 
Fic. 236. MONŒCIOUS BRANCHLET OF YEW (Taxus baccata), 
showing (9) Gall of Cecidomyia Taxi. 
The Gall Mite (Phytoptus Taxi) is a much more 
dangerous foe. It attacks the leaf-buds, and also the 
male and female flowers, all of which enlarge, and may 
reach lin. in diameter, becoming, at the same time, 
yellow or red. The galled organs are fleshy, and are 
covered with small, translucent warts. Between them. 
live multitudes of the minute Gall Mites. The Galls 
remain on the branches all winter, serving for the pro- 
tection of the Mites. These crawl out the following 
spring, and produce new Galls in the younger buds. Mr. 
Andrew Murray was the first to describe these Galls, from 
examples found by Professor Thistleton Dyer, near 
London, in 1875. Mr. Murray describes the branches as 
looking as if frost-bitten. The most effectual—indeed, the 
only reliable—remedy is to remove the galled branches 
and burn them, while the Mites are still in the Galls. 
YEW-BUD MITE. Se Yew-bud Galls. 
YEW, CHINESE. See Podocarpus chinensis. 
YEW, CLUSTER-FLOWERED. Se Cephalo- 
YEW GALLS. Se Yew-bud Galls. 
YEW, JAPANESE. A common name for Cepha- 
pedunculata fastigiata (which see). 
YEW, JOINTED. A popular name for Athrotaxis 
(which see). : 
YEW, LORD HARRINGTON'S. See Cephalo- 
taxus pedunculata. - 
YEW, PRINCE ALBERT’S. Se Saxegothea 
. may be plunged in their pots, &c., 
I 
i 
YEW, STINKING. See Torreya. 
YOKE ELM. A name applied to Carpinus 
Betulus (which see). 
YOUTH AND OLD AGE. See Zinnia. 
YOUTHWORT. A common name for Drosera 
rotundifolia (which see). 
YPONOMEUTA. A form, sometimes used incor- 
rectly, of the name Hyponomeuta, a genus of small 
Moths, whose web-forming Jare are often destructive to 
various kinds of garden trees and shrubs. See Hawthorn 
Caterpillars. : 
YUCCA (a native name of the genus). Adam's 
Needle; Bears Grass; Spanish Bayonet. ORD. Liliaceae, 
A genus (comprising, according to Engelmann twelve, 
according to Baker twenty-one, species) of handsome, 
stove, greenhouse, or hardy plants, allied to Dracena and 
Cordyline ; they inhabit the Southern United States, 
Mexico, and Central America. Flowers rather large, 
shortly pedicellate at the sides of the panicle branches, 
pendulous; perianth segments distinct or scarcely con- 
nate near the base, lanceolate-ovate, rather thick, more 
or less connivent in a globe; stamens six, hypogynous, 
erect, much shorter than the perianth; filaments rather 
thick; anthers small, sessile or adnate with the tips of 
the filaments; panicle terminal, showy, many-flowered, 
sub-sessile amongst the leaves, or supported on a bracteate 
peduncle. Fruit sometimes fleshy, pulpy, or nearly 
spongy, sometimes dry, septicidally or loculidally three- 
FIG, 237, Pop OF YUCCA. 
valved (see Fig. 237). Leaves clustered at the apex 
of the caudex, linear-lanceolate, thick and rigid or rarely 
flaccid, usually spinescent at apex, the margins entire or 
filamentose. Caudex or stem woody, sometimes dwarf, 
sometimes at length tall and arborescent, branched. All 
the Yuceas thrive in a rich, light soil, and may be pro- 
pagated either by divisions, planted in the open ground, 
or by means of pieces of the thick, fleshy roots, cut into 
lengths, and inserted in sandy soil, in heat. Seeds. of 
any of the species are rarely, if ever, produced in this 
country. Many of the plants me — —À = w 
i tr ` e o 
perly placed and suitably trea ëlo? m ab 
tropical effects in the open air during the summer 
Dai. Except where otherwise indicated, the under- 
mentioned species are hardy. 
Most of tbe doas are translated from Mr. Baker’s 
admirable Monograph of Aloinee and Yuccoidec, which 
appeared in the “Journal of the Linnean Society,” vol. 
xviii. 
