AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
237 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
ZAMIOCULCAS (from Zamia, a cycadaceous genus, 
and Culcasia, belonging to the Aroids; both of which 
the present plants are supposed to resemble). Including 
Gonatopus. ORD. Aroidew (Aracev). A small genus 
(two species) of stove, herbaceous perennials, natives of 
Eastern tropical Africa. Flowers dense; spathe tube 
convolute, sub-globose, the lamina lanceolate or boat- 
shaped, horned at apex; spadix sessile, cylindrical, 
shorter than the spathe, inappendiculate. Leaves many, 
on thick petioles, imparipinnate with six to eight pairs 
of alternate pinnæ, or bipinnate with opposite Ginn and 
pinnules ; petioles very shortly sheathing at base. These 
plants thrive in a compost of sandy loam, leaf mould, 
and small pieces of charcoal, and require a moist atmo- 
sphere. Propagation may be effected by division of the 
root. ‘Young plants may also be obtained from the 
leaflets after they have disarticulated from the rachis, 
as follows: Place some leaflets upon some soil, which 
must be kept damp; in a few days, the basal ends of the 
leaflets commence to swell, and each forms, after a short 
time, a small tuber. The tuber, with the leaf attached, 
may then be planted in a small pot, but should only 
be just covered with earth; roots and leaf-buds quickly 
form, and soon a young plant is established” (N. E. 
Brown). 
Z. Boivini (Boivin's) fl., s 
yellowish-green inside, lurid yellowish-green externally, darkly 
nerved and striated; spadix equalling the spathe, the female 
portion lin. long, the male 4in. long, yellow, terete. J. solitary, 
radical, erect, 2ft. to 3ft. long, triangular-ovate, triternately 
pinnate; pinne opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sessile 
or shortly petiolulate; petioles as thick as the little finger. 
Rhizome short, dilated. 1873. (B. M. 6026.) SYN. Gonatopus 
Boivini. 
Z. Loddigesii (Loddiges’), fl., spathe green, thick, the lamina 
about E long ; pom eo greenish-yellow, lin. to 2in. long, 
constricted in the middle; scape very short, stout. June. l., 
pu Sin. to 6in. long, alternate, deciduous, obovate or elliptic- 
ceolate, shortly petiolulate or sub-sessile; petioles about 2ft. 
long, terete, clavate at base. Rhizome short, horizontal, giving 
off large, white, sessile tubers. 1828. (B. M. 5985. SYN. 
Caladium zamicfolium (L. B. C. 1408). 
ZANNICHELLIA (named after John Jerome Zanni- 
chelli, 1662-1729, a Venetian botanist). Horned Pond- 
weed. ORD. Naiadacem. A small genus (one or several 
species) of hardy, slender, aquatic, annual herbs, in- 
habiting temperate and tropical regions. Flowers minute, 
solitary or in pairs, axillary. Leaves usually opposite, 
linear, submerged. Z. palustris is a British plant; it 
has no horticultural value. 
ZANONA PALM. A common name for Socratea 
exorhiza (which see). 
ZANTEDESCHIA (of Koch). 
matoglottis (which see). 
ZANTEDESCHIA (of Sprengel). 
Homalonema and Richardia (which 
ZANTE WOOD. The wood of Chlorozylon Swietenia 
and Rhus Cotinus. 
HORHIZA. A synonym of Xanthorhiza 
(which see). 
ZANTHOXYLEZE. A tribe of Rutacee. 
ZANTHOXYLUM (from zanthos, yellow, and «ylon, 
wood ; alluding to the colour of the roots). Sometimes spelt 
Xanthozylon. Prickly Ash; Toothache-tree. Syn. Pterota. 
Including Blackburnia and Fagara. ORD. Rutacee. A 
genus embracing about eighty species of stove, green- 
house, half-hardy, or hardy shrubs or trees, often armed 
with stout prickles, inhabiting tropical and sub-tropical 
regions. Flowers often white or greenish, small, in SST 
or terminal, pedunculate, broad or narrow cymes; 
three to eg rarely obsolete; petals three to five, 
rarely wanting; stamens three to five. Fruit of one to 
the 6in. long, the lamina dirty 
A synonym of Schis- 
Synonymous with 
see). 
Zanthoxylum—continued. 
five fleshy carpels, often aromatic or strongly scented. 
Leaves alternate, trifoliolate or unequally pinnate ; leaflets 
-opposite or alternate, entire or crenate, often oblique, 
dotted. A selection of the introduced species is here 
given. For culture, see Zizyphus. 
Z. alatum (winged). 
fl. apetalous ; panicles loose, sparing] 
branched. Spring. ir patie, 
l. Um, to 9in. long ; leaflets two to six pairs, 
lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, glabrous beneath; petiole and 
rachis usually broadly winged. Prickles often vertically flattened 
o the trunk and branches. India. Half-hardy shrub or small 
ree. 
Z. americanum (American). Common Toothache-tree. fl. ape- 
talous, in axillary umbels. March and April. Z, leaflets nine or 
eleven, ovate, obscurely serrated, equal at base ; petioles round, 
and devoid of prickles; ae replaced by prickles. h. 12ft. 
to 15ft. North America, 1740. Hardy tree. 
Z. aromaticum (aromatic) fl. greenish-white ; panicles terminal 
and axillary, glabrous, verrucose, Jin. to Sin, in diameter. April. 
l., leaflets six to twelve-jugal, elliptic or oblong, crenate, with 
the crenatures broadly truncate, petiolulate, glabrous, glandular 
beneath. Prickles short, subulate, 
Jamaica, 1824. Stove tree. 
Z. Blackburnia (Blackburnia). f. white; petals imbricated ` 
nicles axi or terminal, loose, shorter than the leaves. 
y. J, pinnate, with a compound petiole of 4in. to 8in.; 
leaflets three to nine, very obliquely ovate, shortly acuminate, 
usually 2in. to 3in. long, petiolulate. A. 6ft. A 1829. 
Greenhouse shrub or small tree. SYN. Blackburnia pinnata. 
Z. clava-Herculis (Hercules' Club) Southern Prickly Ash. 
ji. greenish ; panicles terminal and axillary, pubescent, 2in. to 
4in. in diameter. April. l., leaflets five to ten-jugal, lanceolate- 
oblong, pointed, quite entire or minutely serrated, sub-sessile, 
glabrous above, puberulous along the nerves or giabrate beneath. 
h. 20ft. to 50ft. West Indies, 1824. Stove tree. 
. nitidum (shining).  /. nish-white; racemes axillary, 
Mc May. Z imparipinnate, two or three-jugal ; Teaflets 
oblong, shining, remotely glandular-crenate, elongated and 
emarginate at apex, the midrib (as well as the petioles and 
branches) prickly. A. 10ft. China, 1823. Greenhouse shrub. 
(B. M. 2558.) 
Z. piperitum (Pepper-like). 
d'en September. l., leaflets oblong, unequal at 
crenate; petioles subulate, pa pri stipular. A. 10ft. 
Japan, 1773. Halt-hardy shrub. The small, globose, rugose 
fruits of this species are called Japan Pepper. SYN. Fagara 
piperita. 
. Pterota (Pterota). Bastard Ironwood.. fl. greenish, in 
gi e Ze single or by pairs; stamens four. August. 
l., leaflets seven to nine, żin, to Zin. long, obovate, crenate above 
the middle, sessile ; petioles winged, jointed. Branches zigzag, 
armed with short, curved prickles. À. 10ft. South Florida, &c., 
1768. Half-hardy tree. S 
Z. S ex ary jl. white, in a short glomerule. July. 
l., leaflets one to ree-jugal, oval or spathulate, emarginate or 
leathery, 
or wanting. h. 20ft. 
Chinese or Japanese Pepper. 
blunt, quite entire, jin. to Jin. lo glabrous, | 
bitube ed at the base beneath. devoid of pellucid dots; 
tioles unarmed. Stipular prickles 
825. A low, tortuous, leafy, stove shrub. 
phylla. 
ZAPANIA. Included under Lippia (which see). 
ZARA. A synonym of Pistia (which see). 
ZARABELLIA (of Necker). A synonym of Berk- - 
heya (which see). : 
ZAUSCHNERIA (named after H. Zauschner, a 
German botanist). ORD. Onagrarieæ. A monotypic genus. 
The species is a handsome, small, half-hardy shrub, thriving 
in any light, but not on heavy soil. It may be multiplied 
by cuttings, made from young side shoots, in September, 
inserted in pots of sandy soil, and placed in a frame. 
If wintered in a cool house or frame, the young plants 
may be transferred to the open ground in spring, where 
they will grow and flower profusely the summer and 
autumn following. Division of old plants in spring, and 
seeds, are also available methods of increase. The latter 
should be sown, about March, on a gentle hotbed. In 
sheltered places and warm situations, this desirable 
plant proves itself sufficiently hardy to live outside in 
winter; but it is safer to propagate a young stock 
annually than to trust too much to its hardiness. 
YN. Fagara micro- 
straight. West Indies, - 
