eee 
` 242 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Zinnia—continued. 
ligulate, spreading, in one series; disk florets tubular, 
shortly five-cleft at apex; achenes narrow, striated, 
glabrous or ciliated at the angles. Leaves opposite, entire. 
The best-known species (all annuals) are here described. 
They flower during the summer months. Z. elegans and 
Z. multiflora last a long time in beauty. Zinnias succeed 
best in a rich, deep, loamy soil, and in a sunny situation. 
Seeds should be sown on a gentle hotbed at the end of 
March or in April, and the young plants thrive best if 
pricked off in frames when large enough. They should 
be transferred to the situations in which they are intended 
to flower early in or about the middle of June. If sown 
too early, and allowed to become starved previous to 
the final planting, they never succeed so well afterwards. 
From Z. elegans most of the garden varieties have 
descended; there are numerous single and double forms, 
all of which are fine, free-flowering subjects when well 
grown. ; 
Z. elegans (elegant).* /L-heads scarlet, crimson, rose-coloured, 
buff, or white ; eA bracts ovate, obtuse, the upper ones 
margined with black; pales of the receptacle serrate-crested ; 
peduncles cylindrical, solitary, longer than the leaves. I 
sessile, amplexicaul, cordate-ovate. Tess erect, hairy. h. 2ft. 
1796. See Fig. 257. The following are varieties ` coccinea, upper 
ray florets of a beautiful scarlet (B. R. 1294; P. M. B. i. i 
under name of Z. vi coccinea) ; Darwini, a splendid hybrid ; 
flore- , a fine, double-flowered variety (B. H. 1861, p. 201, 
and 1862, £ 193); violacea, upper ray florets purplish-violet 
(A. B. R. under name of Z. violacea ; B. M. 527, under name 
of Z. elegans). 
Haageana (Haage's)  /l-heads similar in size to those of 
Z. elegans ; ray florets brilliant golden-yellow or orange. Sum- 
mer. ZL sub-sessile or sessile, and, as well as the stems, hairy- 
ao 3 h. lft. to lift. Central America (?, 1862. (R. G. 
Z. hybrida (hybrid)  /L-heads scarlet; involueral scales ad. 
pressed; pales entire; peduncles terminal, solitary, short. J. 
eme — pce be cei ee nra Stems erect, 
my pensi E di i ) ya hybrid between Z. elegans 
multiflora, (many-flowered). /.-heads, involucre cam; t 
with adpressed es; pales obtuse; ray florets d eu : 
disk yellow; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 1. scarcely petio- 
late, ovate-lanceolate. Stems erect, branched, very slightly 
Zu h. 2ft. 1770. Allied to Z. pauciflora. (B. M. 149.) 
M uciflora (few-flowered). /.-heads yellow ; involucral scal 
reet: pales entire; ray florets obovate, obtuse or one € 
two-toothed at apex ; terminal uncles striated, obconical, the 
lateral ones slenderer. J. sessile, cordate-lanceolate, somewhat 
amplexieaul, Stem erect, hairy. h. 2ft, 1753. : 
Z. tenuiflora (slender-flowered). ji.-heads i 
drical peduncles ; involucre oic Un te e 
margined ; ray florets scarlet, seven to eight lines long, entire or 
bidentate and revolute at apex. I. very shortly petiolate, cor- 
aM Pea ate. Stems erect, scarcely pubescent. A. 2ft. 1799. 
Z. verticillata (whorled). _/.-heads red ; involuci 
with adpressed ods ie n borde, Es esie eh ar gc 
y , emarginate at apex, 
often in two or three series; peduncles short, obconical. IL 
oblong-lanceolate, sometimes crowded in irregular whorls, some- 
a Stems erect, sparsely hairy, A. x 
- Probably a robust cultivated state of 
ZIZANLIA. (adapted from Zizanion, the old Greek name 
of some wild grain ; it is the word which, in the New Testa- 
ment, is translated *tares"). . Water or Indian Rice 
Syns. Hydropyrum, Melinum. ORD. Graminee. A small 
genus (two species) of tall, hardy, aquatic Grasses, natives 
of North America. Flowers moneecious ; spikelets jointed 
with _the club-shaped pedicels, very deciduous; glumes 
wanting or rudimentary; panicle ample, terminal. Leaves 
long and flat. The grain of S. aquatica (Canada or Indian 
eee bera Mas: is rien gathered for food by the 
- Wes meric i i 
bic? ot an Indians. The species have no 
ZIZIA. Included under Carum. 
ZIZIPHORA (from Zizi, which is said to b in 
_ name of the flower, and phoreo, I um Ee 
A genus comprising about a dozen species of hardy Fo 
annual herbs or diffuse sub-shrubs, inhabiting Central 
and Western Asia, and the South Medi region. 
Ziziphora—continued, 
Flowers small, sub-sessile, or on short pedicels; calyx 
tubular, elongated, bilabiate; corolla tube scarcely ex- 
serted, the upper lip erect and entire, the lower one 
spreading and three-cleft; perfect stamens two; whorls 
few-flowered, axillary, clustered on the upper part of 
the stem. Leaves small, entire or few-toothed; floral 
ones conformed or slightly shorter and broader. The 
best-known species are here described. Both are half- 
hardy sub-shrubs, and thrive in any good, light soil. 
Propagation may be effected by cuttings. 
Z. clinopodioides (Clinopodium-like) fl. blue-purple; corolla 
nearly twice as long as the calyx ; whorls few, six to ten-flowered, 
approximating in a rather loose, sub-globose head. June. ¿at 
length nearly all ovate, the upper ones narrow, oblong, or ovate, 
lin. long, narrowed to short petioles. Branches diffuse, 6in. to 
12in. long, often purplish. Siberia, 1821. 
Z. c. media (intermediate). /., calyx pilose. 
(B. M. 906, under name of Z. serpyllacea.) 
dasyantha (thick-flowered). fl. red; calyx very pilose-hispid ; 
corolla shorter than in Z. clinopodioides; whorls approximating 
in an oblong head, or the lower ones distinct. July. L ovate or 
oblong; floral ones conformed. A. Gin. Siberia, 1803. (B. M. 
1095, under name of Z. Pouschkini.) 
ZIZYPHUS (Zizouf is the Arabie name of the Lotus). 
ORD. Rhamnee. A genus comprising about fifty species 
of stove, greenhouse, or hardy trees or shrubs, often 
decumbent or sarmentose, and frequently prickly; they 
inhabit tropical Asia and America, and the temperate 
regions of both hemispheres. Flowers greenish, small, 
fascicled or in sessile or pedunculate cymes; calyx 
with five spreading lobes; petals five, cucullate, deflexed, 
rarely absent; stamens five. Fruit fleshy or dry, with 
a woody or bony, one to four-seeded and one to four-celled 
stone. Leaves sub-bifarious, alternate, usually coriaceous. 
A selection of the introduced species is here given. The 
fruits of Z. vulgaris are commonly eaten, both fresh and 
in a dried state, in the Mediterranean region, and afford 
the jujubes of the shops. Z. Lotus is supposed to have 
yielded the seductive, sweet fruits from which the ancient 
Lotophagi took their name. An excellent dessert fruit is 
obtained from Z. Jujuba, a species largely cultivated by 
the Chinese. Z. spina-Christi is supposed by some persons 
to have furnished the crown of thorns placed on our 
Saviour’s head at His Crucifixion. The stove and green- 
house species thrive in a compost of sand, loam, and peat; 
and ripened cuttings of them root readily in sand, under 
a glass, those of the stove species requiring heat. The 
hardy kinds are admirably adapted for planting in shrub- 
beries ; they may be propagated by ripened cuttings, 
inserted in soil, under a glass; or by pieces of the 
roots. " 
Z. incurva (incurved) fl. in peduneulate, axillary cymes Zin. 
I June. ` fr. gin. a akpi; two-celled, l. 2łin. long, 
ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or slightly acuminate, E mv. 
serrated, glabrous. h. 6ft. and up ward. Nepaul, 1823. Hardy, 
unarmed tree. 
Z. Jujuba (Jujube). Jujube-tree. jl. in cymes jin. long. April. 
fr. in. to Hin. in diameter, pre ie fleshy and mealy. I ES 
to Zum, long, elliptic-ovate to sub-orbicular, dark green an 
glabrous above, densely woolly-tomentose beneath. Young 
branches and flowers densely fuscous-t tose. A. 30ft. to 50ft. 
North Africa, India, Australia, 1759. Greenhouse tree, usually 
armed. See Fig. 258 (B. F. F. 17; B. F. S. exlix.; J. B. i. 140.) 
Z. Lotus. „African or Jujube Lotus. fr. yellow, roundisb-ovate, 
farinaceous. I ovate-oblong, obsoletely crenated, ae 
as well as the branchlets, glabrous. Prickles twin, one recurva 
the other straight, longer than the petioles. A. 2ft. to 
South Europe, North Africa, 1731. Half-hardy shrub. 
Z. mucronata (mucronate-leaved). fl., cymes axillary, €— 
as long as the petioles. June. fr. red, scarcely the size 9. » 
cherry. I petiolate, ovate or cordate-ovate, obtusely acuminate, 
mucronulate, ljin. to 2in. long, crenate-serrated, sometimes 
hairy on the nerves beneath. Branches greyish, flexuous, 
prickly. A. 25ft. South Africa, 1810. Greenhouse tree. 
Z. Paliurus (Paliurus). A synonym of Paliurus aculeatus. 
Z. spina-Christi, Christ’s-Thorn. fl. on villous-tomentoss, 
corymbose peduncles. August. Jr. ovate-globose. IL ovalo a; 
pew ne Prong moe ed; n or pubescent beneath. Branchlets white ; 
, ing, one straight, the other slig 
h. 6ft. . West Asia, North Africa, Egypt. Hardy shrub. ge 
Z. vulgaris (common) Á. few, fascicled in the axils of 
l. mostly narrow. 
