AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 497 
ONOCLEA (changed from the Greek name of a plant, 
Onokleion, or from onos, a vessel, and kleio, to close; 
alluding to the singularly rolled-up fructification)» In- 
eluding Struthtopteris. ORD. Filices. 
(three species) of hardy ferns, inhabiting cold and tem- 
perate regions. Sori dorsal, globose, on the veins of the 
changed and contracted pinnæ of the fertile fr and 
quite concealed by their revolute margins; involucre 
very thin, delicate-membranous, hemispherical or half 
cup-shaped, originating from the inferior side of the 
sorus, or wanting. The species thrive t 
best in a good, strong, loamy soil, and 
are very suitable for the outdoor 
fernery. For general culture, see 
Ferns. as : 
O. germanica (German).* Ostrich Fern. 
Jronds broad-lanceolate, long-attenuated 
at the base; fertile pinnæ short, much 
contracted, linear-terete, torulose, lobed 
and torn at the margin; involucre cup- 
shaped, very fragile, and soon obso- 
Jete. Northern hemisphere. A hand- 
some species. SYNS. Struthiopteris ger- 
manica, S. pennsylvanica. 
O. orientalis (Eastern). fronds ovate- 
oblong, not attenuated at the base; 
fertile ones oblong, often 2ft. long, con- 
. “tracted; pinnæ linear-oblong, flattened, 
two-edged, the broad, refracted margins 
covering the whole back, dark purple- 
n, glossy, at length spreading, torn 
a e margin. Sikkim, Japan. Syn. 
Struthiopteris orientalis. f 
O. sensibilis (sensitive).* Rootstock ex- 
tensively creeping. fertile fronds bipin- 
nate; pinnules recurvate, globose. sterile 
fi s rising separately from the naked 
tock, long-stalked, broadly triangular 
in outline, deeply pinnatifid into lanceo- 
lateo-blong pinnæ, which are entire or 
wavy-toothed ; involucre a globose pel- 
licle, bursting at the summit. North 
America, North Asia, 1799. 
O. s. obtusilobata (obtuse-lobed). A 
rare abnormal form, in which the pinnæ 
of some of the sterile fronds, becoming 
again pinnatifid, and more or less con- 
tracted, bear some fruit-dots without 
Reins much revolute, or losing their foliaceous character. Penn- 
vania. ~ 
ONONIS (the old Greek name used by Theophrastus). 
Rest Harrow. ORD. Leguminose. An extensive genus 
(about sixty species) of glabrous, pubescent, or villous, 
greenhouse or hardy, annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, 
sub-shrubs, or rarely shrubs, inhabiting Europe, Western 
Asia, and North Africa, and extending to the Canary 
Islands. In the British Flora, the genus is represented 
by the variable O. spinosa, an under-shrub, and O. re- 
clinata, a low-growing annual. Flowers pink, yellow, or 
white, in axillary, solitary, or two or three-flowered, 
racemose peduncles, or sessile. Pod oblong or linear, 
two-valved. Leaves usually pinnately trifoliolate ; stipules 
adnate to the petioles. Several species are of easy cul- 
ture in any ordinary garden soil, and are very suitable 
subjects for growing on banks and rockwork. Propa- 
gated seeds, or by divisions. The species here de- 
scribed are those best known to cultivation. 
O. arragonensis (Arragon).* jl. yellow, almost sessile, twin, 
disposed in a leafless raceme; calyx half as long as the corolla. 
May to July. ZŁ. trifoliolate, glabrous ; leaflets roundish, serrated. 
h. lit. to 2ft. Spain, Arragon, &c., 1816. Half-hardy shrub. 
O. fruticosa- (shrubby). fl. purple; peduncles three-flowered, 
disposed in a raceme. Summer. Z. trifoliolate; leaflets sessile, 
smooth, lanceolate, shining, unequally serrated. h. lft. to 2ft. 
South-western a 1680. A handsome, low-growing, hardy 
shrub. (B. M. 
O. (Spanish). f. yellow; pedicels one-flowered. July. 
l. trifoliolate; leaflets nearly round, undulate, toothed, clammy- 
pubescent ; stipules spreading, deflexed. h. lłft. Spain, 1799. 
Half. ha shrub. (B. M. 2450.) 8 
o. minutissima (very small). . yellow, in leafy, aggregate 
Spikes; corolla shorter than the yx. June. f. trifoliolate; 
aafete oblong, obovate-cuneate, serrated; stipules subulate, 
entire. k. Zin. South-west Europe, 1818. A somewhat tufted 
hardy biennial. (J. F. A. 240.) 
Vol. II. 
A small genus 
Ononis - continued. 
O. Natrix (goat-root).* fl. yellow, veined with red; pedicels one. 
flowered, each furnished with an awn, Summer. l alternate, 
trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong: serrated at the apex, the u 
ones sometimes simple. . 14ft. to 2ft. South Europe, Tees. 
we oo herb, clothed with a clammy pubescence. 
O. peduncularis (peduncular). fl., petals white, with pink 
margins ; peduncles thrice as long as the leaves, slender, glan- 
dular-pubescent. April. Z. simple, obovate, dentate, pubescent, 
prn or recurved. A, lft. Teneriffe, 1829. Tender perennial 
erb. (B. R. 1447.) 
Fic. 744. ONONIS ROTUNDIFOLIA, showing Habit and detach 
Single Flower. 
t 
O. rotundifolia (round-leaved),* rose; uncles three- 
flowered, apos Summer, 1 ikelite: ae obovate, 
roundish, toothed. h. lft. to Izft. South Europe, 1570. A very 
handsome and most desirable, somewhat shrubby, hardy species. 
See Fig. 744. (B. M. 335.) N 
O. viscosa (clammy). yellow, the back of the stan 
with purple, numero — disposed in panicled spikes. Summer. 
J., lower ones trifoliolate, upper ones simple. k. 14ft. to 
South Europe, 1759. A handsome, hardy annual. (S. 
ONOPORDON (the old Greek name, said by Pliny _ 
to be derived from onos, an ass, and w, crepitus; — 
on account of its effect upon the asses who eat it). 
Sometimes spelt Onopordum. Cotton Thistle. ORD. 
Composite. A genus comprising about a dozen species 
of hardy annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, sometimes 
tall and branched, with decurrent, winged stems, some- 
times almost stemless. They are natives of Europe, 
North Africa, and Western Asia. Flower-heads purplish, 
violet, or white, large; involucre globose or broad; re- 
ceptacle flat, fleshy; achenes glabrous. Leaves radical 
or alternate, pinnatifid or sinuate-toothed. Two or 
three species of this genus are grown for their stately 
habit, and large and showy flowers. They will generally 
thrive in almost any ordinary garden soil, and are more 
especially adapted for the rougher parts of the sub- 
tropical garden. Seeds should be sown, in moderately 
good and well-drained soil, in early spring. 
Acant m (Acanthium).“ Common Cotton Thistle. 
e; scales of the calyx subulate, spreading in ev 
ire uly. L. oblong, inclining to ovate, woolly on bot! 
m branched, woolly. h. Aft. to 5ft. Eur (Britain), 
iberia. A very handsome perennial, with a bold habit and 
vigorous growth. (F. D. 909; Sy. En. B. 680.) 
O. arabicum (Arabian). fl.-heads purple. I. having both sides 
covered with a white down, Stem Artie woolly, slightly branch- 
ate R. 8ft. South Europe, 1686. Biennial. (B. M 
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