\508 THE DICTIONARY 
Orange continued. | | 
' Azores, are of various degrees of excellence, and are all | 
worthy of a place in an English Orange Garden. | 
“The following descriptive list of the dessert Oranges 
may be useful to the amateur: Botelha and Dulcissima: 
Both thin rinded and very rich. Egg: Very large; rind 
thick; remarkably juicy, but not rich; a great bearer. 
Embiguo, or Navel Orange: Very large, with a curious, 
depressed calyx; remarkably rich and juicy. Exquisite: 
A thin-rinded, rich and juicy fruit. Maltese Blood: 
Large, oval, with a dark red pulp; exceedingly rich, 
good, and distinct; fruits from the same tree vary in | 
colour from deep red to the usual pale yellow colour, 
with faint streaks of red. St. Michael's: Several varieties 
under this name vary in size and thickness of rind; 
they are all good. Silver Orange: Colour of rind pale 
yellow; flesh pale; rind very thin; flavour piquant and 
delicious. Sustain: Large, and remarkable for its rich, 
sweet juice. St. Michael’s. Tangierine: A very distinct 
variety, differing from the common sort in being deeper 
in colour, smaller, and more rich in flavour; a charming 
little Orange. Tangierine (often incorrectly called the 
Mandarin): Now a well-known sort, varying in shape 
from fruit much compressed, with rind rough and thick, 
to oval, with a smooth rind. Variegated Orange: This 
has a broad margin of white round its leaves, and forms | 
a very ornamental tree; its fruits are oval, of medium 
size, with a pale yellow rind, striped with green; very 
juicy, and remarkably brisk and piquant in flavour. 
White Orange: Large; rind pale yellow, flesh very pale; 
flavour rich and good.” 
ORANGE GOURD. 
rantia. 
ORANGE, O SAGE. See Maclura aurantiaca. 
ORANGE ROOT. See Hydrastis canadense. 
ORANTIA (so called in honour of the Prince of 
Orange—Oranien). Syn. Macrocladus. ORD. Palmee. 
A small genus (three or four species) of tall stove palms, 
with robust, unarmed, closely-ringed stems, crowned with 
a dense head of large leaves; they are natives of the 
Malayan Archipelago and Papua. Flowers minute, uni- 
sexual, the spikes inclosed in double spathes, the inner 
of which is woody. Fruit globose, rather large. Leaf- 
segments linear, oblique at apex, white, scaly, and 
irregularly toothed or jagged at their tips. Oranias 
thrive in a sandy loam, and require an abundance of, 
water when growing; good drainage is essential. They 
are raised from imported seeds, sown in bottom heat. 
0. us (large-branched). i f., spike pendulous. fr. a 
macrocladu 
Pek atat drupe. Z. pinnate. h. 40ft. Malacca, 1847. A stately 
ree. 
O. regalis (Royal). fr. red, smooth, the form and size of a small 
Olive. l. 6ft. to Tft. long; leaflets panduriform-sinuated, white 
beneath ; primary nerves solitary. Trunk low, terete, annulate, 
Java, 1847. 
ORBEA. Included under Stapelia (which see). 
ORBICULAR, ORBICULATE. Circular 
spherical. 
ORCHARD. There are few gardens connected with 
private mansions that are of sufficient size for accom- 
modating enough fruit-trees—such as Apples, Pears, 
Plums, &c.—to maintain a supply of fruits equal to the 
demands usually made. Orchards have, therefore, to be 
formed and established; sometimes for the special pur- 
pose of meeting such deficiencies, at others for cultivating 
to supply the market in addition; and again, in some 
parts, for the main object of procuring Apples to make, 
or convert into, cider. Those only required for cultivating 
fruits to supplement the garden crops are naturally best 
to be situated near the garden, and placed under the gar- 
dener's charge. They might contain, if the soil were 
tilled, small fruits of all descriptions that succeed, in | 
See Cucurbita Pepo au- 
or 
d 
OF GARDENING, 
Orchard - continued. : 
addition to those above-named, and also many trees in 
size, shape, and variety that would be inadmissible in 
an Orchard where cattle were allowed. Various cir- 
cumstances, such as the want of a proper site, or 
a suitable soil, may, however, render this arrange- 
ment—much akin to market gardening, although the 
produce need not be grown for sale—undesirable, and 
the best alternative is usually that of utilising a portion 
of farm land, varying in size according to requirements 
or the space available. The best of the produce in 
Orchards connected with private gardens has annually 
to be stored in the garden fruit-room, and the possibility 
of gathering and storing it at once in fine weather, 
without the fruits getting bruised, also the general over- 
looking of the crop throughout the season, are points 
greatly in favour of having the Orchard in near proximity. 
The farm Orchard is best to be laid down in grass, as 
the cost in the first place, and also subsequent manage- 
ment, will be much less than if the land were tilled. 
Grass should not, however, be grown for haymaking if 
it can be avoided, as this affects fruit-trees consider- 
ably, and most unfavourably; it should be kept short, 
preferably by being eaten off by cattle, such as sheep, 
or young stock that are being fattened. Horses should 
on no account be allowed if any branches are within 
their reach. As a general rule, fruit-trees in Orchards 
have, of necessity, to withstand, or at least be subjected 
to, more exposure than others situated inside a garden, 
unless the position of the latter is a most unfavourable 
one in respect of shelter. Only sorts of proved hardi- 
ness in the locality must, therefore, be selected for 
planting, and such as are calculated to withstand a more 
or less open situation, and produce crops with tolerable 
certainty when once established. It is well known that 
various localities materially affect different sorts of fruit, 
particularly Pears; in fact, there are but few good varie- 
ties of these latter that succeed at all as standards, 
except in most favoured parts. In the Midland and 
Northern counties, the number would be extremely 
limited if it were restricted to those oniy which are 
really suitable. The chief Orchard fruit-tree is, of 
course, that of the Apple, and as varieties of hardy con- 
‘stitution, which produce large, handsome fruits, suitable 
both for kitchen use or dessert, are now so numerous, 
none of an inferior character need be included. Still, 
it is almost certain that all will not succeed alike under 
similar treatment, and selection will also have to be 
made in accordance with the purpose for which crops 
are required, whether they are supplementary to those 
of the garden, and intended for private use, or grown 
more especially with a view to supplying the market. 
Orchards on a large scale are mainly planted with a 
view to disposing of the greater portion of fruit in the 
local, or in that of one of the great central, markets, 
and it will, in such cases, be advisable to know, at the 
outset, the sorts of fruits that are most in demand, 
as well as those which succeed best. Where the land 
is laid down in grass, and cattle admitted, the form of 
tree is limited to standards, unless provision is made for 
protecting the lower parts of any of another descrip- 
tion.. If the soil is tilled, and a sort of market garden 
system introduced, standards may, if desired, still occupy 
similar positions—though they would be better at greater 
distances apart—and the intervening spaces planted with 
trees of another shape, and such bush fruits as Goose- 
berries, Currants, Raspberries, &c. A considerable amount 
more labour is involved, as before stated, in attending 
to a tilled Orchard, than is requisite for one laid in 
grass; and this, with the character of the soil, and the 
value and possible demand for fruit of various sorts 
when grown, must be considered when an Orchard of 
either description is in course of formation. Besides the 
| fruits already named, Cherries and Plums are largely 
