r 
AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 533 
Othonna— continued. 
O. crassifolia (thick-leaved).* .- heads few, terminal, sub-corym- 
bose; peron very long, and slender. A very pretty trailer, and 
suitable for growing in a basket. See Fig. 786. 
O. denticulata (toothed). .- heads disposed in terminal panicles. 
April to July. l. oblong, denticulated, glabrous, attenuated at 
base, amplexicaul. A. 2ft. 1774. Shrub. (B. M. 1979.) 
O. frutescens (shrubby). fl.-heads large, in terminal, many- 
flowered panicles; ray of about eight florets. Late summer. 
L. alternate, obovate, acute, thick, and fleshy. Stem erect, 2ft. to 
3ft. high, suffruticose, but succulent. (B. M. 3967.) 
„ pectinata (comb-leaved).* fl. heads solitary, twice or thrice as 
long as the leaves, May and June. l. pinnatitid, Wormwood-like, 
hoary; segments linear, parallel. h. 2ft. to 3ft. 1731. An 
interesting, shrubby plant, readily known by its copious, soft, 
whitish pubescence. The correct name of this is Euryops 
pectinatus. (B. M. 306.) 
O. pinnata (pinnate). /l.-heads, ray florets neatly rolled back at 
night, expanding in the morning. May. Ll. glaucous, obovate, 
very obtuse, some quite entire, others pinnatifid, with entire, 
decurrent leaflets. Stem herbaceous. Root tuberous. k. 3ft. 
1759. (B. M. 768.) 
O. triplinerva (three-nerved). .-heads few or several, loosely 
corymbose ; pedicels very long; involucral scales and rays about 
five. l. crowded towards the apices, obovate, obtuse, tapering 
at base into a slender petiole. Stem short, sub-simple or forked, 
shrubby carnose. A. Oft. : 
O. tuberosa (tuberous-rooted). .- heads solitary, rather large, 
terminal. August. l., i ones petiolate, broadly ovate or 
obovate; stem ones few, ovate or oblong. Root tuberous. 1842. 
Herb. (B. M. 4038.) 
OTHONNOPSIS (from Othonna, and opsis, like; in 
allusion to the resemblance which exists between the 
two genera). ORD. Composite. A genus comprising about 
eight species of glabrous, greenhouse shrubs, differing 
from the allied genera, Othonna and Senecio, in the disk 
being constantly sterile. One species is North African, 
another Persian, a third native of Scindia, and the re- 
mainder South African. Flower-heads yellow, peduncu- 
late, solitary, or in leafy panicles; receptacle flat or 
scarcely convex, naked. Leaves alternate, sessile, slightly 
fleshy, glabrous or slightly toothed. O. cheirtfolia (pro- 
bably the only species in cultivation) is a very pretty, 
low-spreading evergreen, with glaucous leaves. It thrives 
in almost any soil, but flowers most profusely in light 
loam, and in a warm situation. A protection of some sort 
-is required in winter. Propagated by divisions, or by 
cuttings, 
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Fic. 787. OTHONNOPSIS CHEIRIFOLIA. 
O. cheirifolia (Wallfiower-leaved).* fl. heads rich yellow, about 
lin. across, terminal; rays acute. arly summer. l. greyish, 
thick, lanceolate, sessile, narrow at the base, broad and rounded 
at the apex. A. 8in. to 12in. North Africa, 1752. See Fig. 787. 
(B. R. 266, under name of Othonna cheirifolia.) 
OTIDIA. Included under Pelargonium (which see). 
OTIORHYNCHUS. A genus of beetles, belong- 
ing to the group of Weevils, with short beaks, and long- 
elbowed, twelve-jointed antennæ, inserted in front of the 
eyes; well-formed elytra, soldered together, with usually 
ten rows of small, shallow pits or dots along each, no 
wings, and simple claws., There are numerous species, 
mostly about zin. to şin. long, by half as much 
broad. One or two do not exceed iin. in length. 
Otiorhynchus—continwed. 
They are all black or brown in colour, with the legs in 
some black, in others dull red. They are so much alike 
that it is very difficult to distinguish some of the 
species from each other. The following are among the 
more destructive kinds: O. picipes (the Pitchy-legged 
Weevil), zin. long, pitch-brown, or earth-coloured, with 
the upper surface tubercled, and sprinkled with minute 
pale grey or yellow scales. Each pit in the rows on the - 
elytra has a whitish scale, like the pupil of the eye, in 
the middle. The legs and antennz are usually rather 
paler than the body; each thigh is toothed. O. raucus 
is much like the last in size, but may be distinguished 
by a slight ridge down the middle of the thorax, the 
dots of the elytra being deeper, and not having white 
scales, by the black body being clouded with yellow and 
grey pubescence, and by the red-brown legs and antenna, 
and the unarmed thighs. O. sulcatus (the Black Vine 
Weevil) is black or dark brown in colour, with greyish- 
yellow tufts of hair on the deeply-furrowed elytra. The 
thorax is coarsely tubercled, and has a slight furrow 
down the middle; the beak is deeply grooved, and the 
thighs are toothed. This insect measures about ?in. in 
length. O. tenebricosus (the Red-legged Garden Weevil) 
is said to be one of the most destructive, as well as the 
largest species of the genus, being about din. long. It is 
at first black, dotted with tufts of delicate yellow down; 
afterwards glossy. The elytra are only slightly striated; 
the legs are red-brown or chestnut, and the beak is notched 
at the tip, and faintly ridged. O. ligustici is about žin. 
din. long; it is black, with greyish scales. The thorax 
and the almost unstriated elytra are finely granulated, 
and the thighs bear a short tooth. Other species also 
have been detected injuring plants, but are less common 
and less hurtful than the above. The species in this 
genus are destructive both as perfect beetles and as 
larve. The beetles feed on buds or young shoots of 
Vines, Peaches, Apricots, and other choice fruit-trees, as 
well as on the young shoots of Raspberries; and Curtis, 
in “Farm Insects,’ mentions O. picipes as being very 
destructive to Peas, Turnips, Kale, &c. In consequence 
of the damage done, the injured parts are destroyed in 
a short time; and the plants may be killed, or, at 
least, much crippled, so as to greatly diminish their 
productiveness. The larva are frequently most injurious 
to the roots of plants of various kinds, such as Rasp- 
berries, Strawberries, and other fruit-bearing plants, as 
well as to roots of a great variety of other plants in 
gardens; e.g., Primroses, Sedums, Saxifrages, &c., upon the 
shoots of which the beetles also feed. The larve never 
show themselves above ground; hence, the only sign of 
their presence is the withering of the plants. They 
frequently do great harm to potted plants in greenhouses. 
They become pupæ about 3in. or Ain. below the surface 
of the soil. 
Remedies. As the beetles are wingless, their attacks 
are usually limited in area, and the damage can be 
much restricted by suitable means, of which the most 
successful are those directed against the perfect insects. 
As all the species have very similar habits, the same 
methods of destruction apply to all. The beetles con- 
ceal themselves by day in holes in walls, or under loose 
mortar and stones, among dead leaves, in the soil, or in 
any other convenient retreats, such retreats varying with 
the nature of the crop attacked by them, and with the 
habitat. At night, they come out to feed, and, owing 
to their not possessing wings, they require to creep up 
the plants to arrive at the young shoots and buds; or 
else, in the case of Vines, and other plants trained against 
walls, they may gain access to them by crawling over 
the walls. Prevention may be secured by the removal 
of all cover, such as loose mortar on walls, dead leaves, 
or bark, &c., and stopping up holes in the walls. This 
should be followed by putting a belt of soft soap, or tar 
