AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 15 
Pancratium— continued. 
stove, greenhouse, or hardy bulbous plants, natives of 
the West Indies, the Canary Islands, and the Mediter- 
ranean region. Flowers white, large, sessile or distinctly 
pedicellate, many in an umbel, or rarely only one or 
two; perianth funnel-shaped; tube mediocre, or often 
elongated into an enlarged throat; lobes narrow, erecto- 
patent; cup (false corona) frequently produced into two 
teeth or lobes; involueral bracts two, membranous- 
scarious. Leaves linear or loriform. Paneratiums are of 
easy culture, in a compost of two parts good turfy 
loam, one part peat, and one part decayed leaf soil, to 
which some silver sand should be added. The indoor 
species should be placed in a light position; from the 
end of June until the middle of September they may be 
kept in a frame or pit. -The less shifting and repotting 
is practised, the better; provided the plants remain 
healthy. Pancratiums may be grown singly, or three in 
a pot.. When a shift is necessary, all the living roots 
should be carefully preserved, and any dead ones cut 
away. Water may be given freely throughout the growing 
season; when resting, it should be partially withheld, yet 
not sufficiently to cause flagging. The species grown 
outside require deep planting, and a protection of some 
sort in winter. When the plants have once started, their 
growth cannot well be too rapid, nor the supply of food 
too liberal. Propagation is effected by seeds, which 
should be sown in pans of light, sandy soil, in spring, 
and placed in heat. Water must only be sparingly 
given until the seedlings appear, and the latter should 
be potted off when large enough to handle. Propagated 
also from offsets, which may be collected at potting 
time, Young bulbs, if carefully grown on, will, in the 
course of two or three years, make good flowering 
plants. The only truly hardy species is P. illyricum; 
but P. maritimum is hardy enough in mild districts, such 
as many parts of the West of England. Elsewhere, it 
is advisable to grow these in a cool greenhouse or frame, 
P. Amancees (Amancaes). A synonym of Hymenccallis Amances. 
P. amboinense (Amboynan). A synonym of Eurycles amboi- 
nensts. 
P. amcenum (charming). A synonym of Hy llis 
P. australasicum (Australian). A synonym of Eurycles am- 
boinensis, : 
P. calathinum (basket-flowered). A synonym of Hymenocallis 
calathina. ee 
P. carolinianum (Carolinian). A synonym of P. maritimum. 
P. expansum (expanded). A synonym of Hymenocallis expansa. 
P. illyricum (Illyrian).* ji. fragrant, pedicellate, smaller, and 
with a shorter tube than in P. maritimum. June. l. broad, ligu- 
late, deciduous, strongly veined. A. 1sft. South Europe, 1615. 
pi 8 attractive plant, quite hardy in most situations. 
ee Fig. 15. 
P. littorale (sea-shore). A synonym of Hymenocallis littoralis. 
Fig. 16. PANCRATIUM MARITIMUM, showing Habit and detached 
Flower. - 
P. maritimum (sea).* H. with long, filamentous outer segments, 
very fragrant, nearly sessile, disposed in large umbels. June. 
i. linear, persistent. k. 2ft. South Europe, &c., 1759. Hardy, or 
Pancratium—continued. 
nearly so. (B, R. 161.) See Fig. 16. Syn. P. carolinianum 
(B. R. 927). 
P. rotatum (rotate). A synonym of Hymenocallis rotata. 
P. speciosum (showy). A synonym of Hymenocallis speciosa. 
P. verecundum (ruddy). fl. sweet-scented, pedicellate > 
tube of corolla greenish, 2in. to 3in. long; limb campanulate ; 
segments white inside, green without; scape 1ft. or more long. 
Summer. l. eight to ten, lorate, acute, convolute, channelled, 
lżft. long, zin. or more broad. Bengal, &c. Stove. (B. R. 413.) 
P. zeylanicum (Cingalese). jl. solitary; lacinie longer than 
the tube, adherent below, revolute above; style longer than the 
stamens ; spathe entire. June. l lorate-lanceolate. Bulb ovate, 
h. lft. Ceylon, 1752, Stove. (B. M. 2538; B. R. 479.) 
PANDACA. A synonym of Tabernæmontana 
(which see). i j 
PANDANEÆ. A natural order of curious, erect or 
climbing trees or shrubs, di- or tri-chotomously branched, 
the annulate trank or branches emitting aërial roots ; 
they are all tropical or sub-tropical, mostly natives of 
the East African Islands, the Indian Archipelago, and 
the Pacific Islands; a few are found in the Asiatic and 
African continents, one in the West Indies, and another 
in New Zealand. Flowers diœcious, each sex densely 
crowded on a simple or compound, axillary or terminal, 
sessile or pedunculate spadix, accompanied by herbaceous 
or coloured, persistent or deciduous spathes; males on a 
branched or thyrsoid spadix with numerous stamens and 
filaments, with single two- or four-celled anthers; females 
with one or many-celled ovaries, free, or united in parcels, 
solitary or numerous ovules, and a sessile stigma. Fruit 
either woody drupes collected in parcels, or , berries ; 
seeds minute, albumen densely fleshy. Leaves clustered, 
spirally and trifariously disposed, very long-linear and 
sheathing at base, acuminate, recurved, keeled, concave, 
rigidly coriaceous, the margins and keel spinulose or ser- 
rated, very rarely unarmed, at length totally deciduous ; 
prickles often recurved, or the lower ones recurved and 
the upper ones incurved. The species, numbering about 
eighty, have no great economic value; they are classed 
under two genera: Freycinetia and Pandanus. 
PANDANUS (from Pandang, the Malayan name of 
the genus). Screw Pine. ORD. Pandanee. A large genus 
(about eighty species) of stove trees or shrubs, rarely 
stemless herbs, or with prostrate rooting stems; they 
are mostly natives of the Malayan Archipelago and the 
Mascarenes and Seychelles, a few. being found in the 
continents of Asia and Africa, tropical Australia, and 
Oceania, d in the West Indies. Flowers dicecious, 
the males on a clustered, thyrsoid spadix, and the females 
on a dense, simple one; both are terminal, the females — 
solitary or paniculate, often pendulous during fructescence. 
Fruit syncarpous, globose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical, 
often ponderous. Leaves very long or mediocre; floral 
ones sometimes coloured, spathaceous-bracteate. Trunk 
slender or robust, rather simple, or with spreading 
branches. Screw Pines are usually very handsome, 
and easily cultivated in a stove temperature. They 
succeed best in sandy loam, with charcoal and some 
leaf soil intermixed, and they require plenty of water 
in summer. In winter, they are best kept moderately 
dry at the root, and no water should be allowed to 
lodge in the axils of the leaves at that season. The 
plants always have a disposition to raise themselves 
out of the pots, in consequence of the direct downward 
course which the roots invariably pursue. 
best and most useful species is P. Veitchii; it is largely 
employed, in a young state, for table decoration, for 
which purpose offsets should be procured so soon as 
they are large enough to be detached. This species, 
and several others, form handsome decorative or exhi- 
bition subjects in comparatively small pots. Propagated 
principally from offsets, which should be carefully detached 
from the base with the point of a sharp knife, and in- 
serted singly in small pots. The crown of each cutting 
One of the 
