AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
23 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
Papyrus—continued. 
tissues of the larger flowering-stems, cut into thin strips, united 
together by narrowly-overlapping margins, and then crossed, 
under pressure, by a similar arrangement of strips at right angles, 
constituted the papyrus of antiquity” (Oliver). The proper name 
of this plant is Cyperus Papyrus, 
PARACARYUM (from para, beside, and karyon, 
a nut; in reference to the position of the nutlets). Syn. 
Omphalodes (in part). ORD. Boraginee. A genus com- 
prising about ten species of mostly hardy, biennial or 
perennial, cano-pubescent, hirsute, or rarely setose-hispid 
herbs, natives of South Europe and Central Asia. Flowers 
violet or blue, rather small, pedicellate or sub-sessile ; 
calyx five-parted or deeply five-cut; corolla funnel-shaped, 
with a short or rather long tube, and five imbricated, 
obtuse, short, erect or spreading lobes ; racemes elongated, 
ebracteate, or few-bracted at base, sometimes loose and 
broadly paniculate. Nutlets four, depressed at back. 
Leaves alternate. The species best known in gardens 
are those described below, for culture of which see 
Cynoglossum. 
P. anchusoides (Anchusa-like). fl., corolla tube purplish, 
cylindrical, the limb blue, sub-patent; pedicels extra-axillary, 
shorter than the calyx; panicles loosely branched, elongated, 
naked at apex. May. I., radical ones lanceolate, long-stalked ; 
cauline ones linear-lanceolate, sessile. h. 2ft. Cashmere, 1840. 
(B. R. 1842, 14, under name of Cynogl husoides.) 
P. celestinum (celestial-blue). fl., corolla blue, margined with 
white ; fructiferous pedicels reflexed, shorter than the calyx ; 
racemes ebracteate, often twice bifid. August. l., radical ones 
_ petiolate, cordate-ovate, sub- acute; cauline ones ovate, acute, 
cuneate at base. k. lft. to 2ft. North India, 1837. (B. R. 1839, 
36, under name of Cynoglossum ceelestinum.) 
P. myosotoides (Myosotis-like). fl. loosely racemose ; corolla 
blue, small, funnel-shaped, scarcely longer than the calyx. Sep- 
tember. I., radical ones spathulate-lanceolate; cauline ones 
sessile, linear-lanceolate, strigose, rough. k. 12ft. Orient, 3838. 
Half-hardy, 
PARADISANTHUS (from Paradeisos, park, Para- 
dise, and anthos, a flower; in reference to the beauty of 
the plant). ORD. Orchidew. A small genus, of uncertain 
affinity. Flowers white, curiously striped with deep 
purple; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, the two lateral 
ones slightly unequal at the base; lip shortly clawed, 
often pendulous; pollen masses four, depressed, pyri- 
form. Leaves lanceolate, acute, green, sub-glaucous, 
twin. P. bahiensis and P. Mosenii are little, terrestrial, 
stemless orchids, rarely cultivated in England. P. Mosenii 
should be grown, suspended near the glass, in an inter- 
mediate house, and potted in a mixture of peat, sphag- 
num, and charcoal. During winter, very little water is 
required. 3 
F. Mosenii (Dr. Mosen’s). fl., peduncle longer than the leaves; 
sepals green, with a few brown bars; lips white, with mauve 
stripes in the basilar hollow, having angles beneath ; anterior 
part of the column purple. J. oblong, acute, grass-like. Pseudo- 
bulbs oblong, compressed 2in. long. Brazil, 1881. 
PARADISE, GRAINS OF. A common name 
applied to the seeds of Amomum Melegueta. 
PARADISIA (from Paradeisos, Paradise, of which 
the flower is supposed to be a suitable inhabitant). Syws. 
Allobrogia, Czackia, Hyperogyne, Liliastrum. ORD. 
Liliaceœ. A monotypic genus. The species is a hardy, 
perennial herb, with a very short rhizome, and rather 
thick, fasciculate root-fibres. For culture, see Antheri- 
cum. 
P. ili is is th f the plant 
Liliastrum (Liliaster). This is the correct name of the p 3 
described and figured in this work under name of A 
Liliastrum. 
PARAGRAMMA. Included under Polypodium 
(which see). 
PARAGUAY TEA. See Ilex paraguariensis. 
PARANEPHELIUS. Included under Liabum 
(which see). 
PARANOMUS. A synonym of Nivenia (which 
see). 
PARAPETALIFERA. A synonym of Barosma. 
PARASITIC. Growing into some other plant, an 
deriving its food from the juices of that plant. 
PARASOL, CHINESE. See Sterculia platini- 
folia. 
PARASOL FIR. See Sciadopitys verticillata. 
PARASOL PINE. See Pinus Pinea. 
PARASTRANTHUS. Included under Lobelia. 
PARATROPIA. A synonym of Heptapleurum 
(which see). 
PARCHMENT BARE. See Pittosporum cras- 
sifolium. 
PARDANTHUS (from pardos, a leopard, and anthos, 
a flower; referring to the spotted flowers). ORD. Irideæ. 
A monotypic genus. The species is a hardy, tuberous- 
rooted, herbaceous perennial; it requires a rich, sandy- 
loam soil, and a sheltered situation in winter. Propa- 
gated, in spring, by seeds or by divisions. 
fa 19 
FIG. 32. INFLORESCENCE AND LEAF OF PAR DAN THUS CHINENSIS. 
P. chinensis (Chinese). ff. orange. coloured, spotted with 5 
brown, nearly 2in. across; perianth segments equal, spi 3 
narrowed at the base; tube very short. June. l. equitant, 
ensiform. Stem erect, leafy. h. 5 to 2ft. China and Japan, 
1823. See Fig. 32. (F. d. S. 1632; B. M. 171, under name of Ixia 
chinensis.) The genus Pardanthus is synonymous with Belam- 
canda, and the proper name of the plant here described is 
B, chinensis, : 
PARDUYNA. A synonym of 
(which see). 
PARECHITES. A synonym of Trachelospermum 
(which see). 
PAREIRA BRAVA. A name applied to Chondro- 
dendron tomentosum. 
PARIETES. The inside walls of any organ. 
PARINARIUM (from Parinari, the native name 
of the plant in Brazil). Syns. Balantium, Ezitelia, 
Lepidocarya, Maranthes, Petrocarya. ORD. Rosaceæ. A 
genus comprising about thirty-three species of stove 
shrubs or trees, often tall, natives of the Indian Archi- 
pelago, North Australia, the Pacific Islands, tropical 
Africa, Brazil, and Guiana; one has been discovered 
in the Trinity Islands, and another in South Africa. 
Flowers white or pink, paniculate or racemosely corym- 
bose, bibracteolate, hermaphrodite ; calyx with a short 
or elongated tube, and five sub-equal, imbricated lobes; 
petals five, rarely four, inserted at the mouth of the 
calyx, sessile or unguiculate, deciduous. Fruit ovoid or 
spherical, sometimes edible. Leaves alternate, persistent, 
very frequently thick and coriaceous, eglandulose or bi- 
glandulose at the apex, entire; stipules subulate or 
lanceolate. Few of the species are known to cultiva- 
tion. For culture of those described below, see Chry- 
sobalanus. 
P. excelsum (tall). Guinea Plum. f. white, in 
racemes. February. fr. about the size of ratrice 
plums, with a coarse skin of a greyish colour; the pulp is dry 
and farinaceous, and, owing to the size of the stone, is small in 
bulk. ¿l oblong, coriaceous, deep green above, white with 
Schelhammera 
