28 THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
PARSNIP-SEED MOTH (Depressaria Heracleana). 
A small moth, belonging to a genus which includes 
about forty British species. It is one of the large 
group Tineina, a group characterised chiefly by the long 
fringes of the wings, which are, in most of them, long 
and narrow, and by the slender body. The moth has 
aspread of wings of about lin., and has the fore wings 
rather broad and greyish-ochreous, with numerous, short, 
fuscous streaks, and two or three darker spots, sur- 
rounded with whitish scales. The hind wings are grey, 
and are notched on the hind margin near the base. 
The larva is dull grey above, dull yellow along the sides; 
the head, second segment, and spots on the body, are 
black. It feeds usually on Hogweed (Heraclewm sphon- 
dyliwm), but also eats Parsnips. It generally lives in the 
umbels, drawing them together by a web. In this it lies 
protected, but emerges and drops as soon as the plant 
is shaken, The larve may become hurtful by feeding 
on the seeds. If necessary, they may be diminished by 
shaking over anything from which they can be swept 
up and destroyed; or they may be shaken on to the 
soil, where they can be trodden on and crushed. The 
-pupe may be found, occasionally in numbers, in the 
‘interior of the Parsnip stems; and they may be col- 
lected and destroyed, with the latter, without difficulty. 
It would be well to clear away all umbelliferous weeds, 
on which these insects feed. 
PARSONSIA (named in honour of Dr. John Par- 
sons, 1705-1770, a Scotch physician and writer on 
natural history). Syns. Heligma, Helygia, and Spiro- 
stemon. ORD. Apocynacee. A genus comprising twelve 
species of greenhouse, glabrous or puberulous, twining 
shrubs or sub-shrubs, natives of tropical Asia, Aus- 
tralia, and New Zealand. Flowers whitish, small; cymes 
dichotomons, terminal or shortly pedunculate in the axils, 
sometimes forming a terminal thyrse. Leaves opposite. 
For culture, see Dipladenia. 
P. many- 
the tube. 
ew . P. heteroph 
bilis, of Lindley, is — by some authorities, to be founded 
specimens of this. 
P. heterophylla (variable-leaved). A synonym of P. albiflora. 
P. velutina 8 Jl, corolla tube shorter than the calyx ; 
cymes rather and dense, solitary or few, on opposite, 
axillary peduncles. July. i. on rather long petioles, from 
broadly-ovate to ovate-oblong, truncate or cordate at base, 2in. 
to Sin. long. Australia. A tall, woody climber, softly pubescent 
or villous, 
PARTERRE. A French term, used, in this country, 
to denote a small inclosure or flower-garden, laid out 
in beds of different sizes and shapes. 
PARTHENIUM (an ancient Greek name used by 
Hippocrates for an allied plant, from parthenos, virgin). 
Syns. Argyrocheta, Villanova. ORD. Composite. A 
genus comprising about half-a-dozen species of erect 
herbs, sub-shrubs, or shrubs, natives of North and Central 
America, and the West Indies. Flower-heads white or 
yellowish, heterogamous, small, disposed in terminal, 
sometimes densely corymbose, sometimes loose panicles ; 
achenes glabrous or slightly pilose; involucre broadly 
campanulate or hemispherical; receptacle small, convex 
or conical. Leaves alternate, entire, toothed, or pin- 
nately dissected, often scabrous above, more or less cano- 
tomentose or slightly glabrous below. P. Hysterophorus, 
the only species calling for mention in this work, is a 
plant of no particular beauty. It thrives in any common 
soil. Increased by seeds, sown in bottom heat, in 
spring; the seedlings should be afterwards hardened off, 
and transplanted in a warm, sunny spot. i 
P. Hysterophorus (Hystero horus). Bastard Feverfew; W. 
In Nawe d Mada whitish, — Ta 9 
Parthenium continued. 
cles; pappus scales oblong, blunt; involucral scales acute. 
. twice pinnatipartite, the uppermost ones entire. A tall, 
greenhouse or half-hardy, hispidulous annual. (B. M. 2275.) 
PARTIAL. Secondary; e.g., Partial involucre. 
PARTITE. Divided into a number of segments, 
which extend almost as far as the base of the part to 
which they belong; e.g., Tripartite, three-parted ; Quadri- 
partite, four-parted, &c. 
PARTITION. A term applied, botanically, to the 
deepest divisions into which a leaf can be cut without 
becoming compound. 
PARTRIDGE BERRY. A common name applied 
to Gaultheria procumbens and Mitchella repens. 
PARTRIDGE PEA. See Heisteria. 
PARYPHOSPHZE:RA. A synonym of Parkia 
(which see), 
PASCALIA (named after Dr. D. Pascal, a professor 
at Parma). ORD. Composite. A monotypic genus, the 
species being an erect, half-hardy, perennial herb, allied to 
Rudbeckia, and having a resinous smell. It should be 
grown in a dry, warm spot, and needs the protection of 
a frame in winter. Propagated by divisions, in spring ; 
or by cuttings, inserted under a handlight, in summer. 
“The plant cultivated in England as P. glauca is evi- 
dently a species of Sunflower, and has nothing to do with 
this genus” (Lindley and Moore). 
P. glauca 1 . euds yellow, nearly lin. across, 
terminating each branch, solitary; receptacle chaffy. July. 
l trinerved, glaucous. h. 1}ft. Extra-tropical South America, 
1799, (A. B. R. 549.) 
PASPALUM (from Paspalos, one of the Greek names 
for Millet). Millet Grass. ORD. Gramineæ. A large 
genus (nearly 160 species) of stove, greenhouse, or hardy 
grasses, mostly American, a few broadly distributed, two 
natives of South Europe. Spikes on elongated peduncles, 
sometimes solitary or twin, sometimes wavy and sub- 
digitate at the apex, or scattered at the sides of the 
peduncles ; spikelets usually biseriate. The species have 
no horticultural value. 
PASQUE FLOWER. See Anemone Pulsatilla. 
PASSIFLORA (from passio, passion, and flos, floris, 
a flower; a name given by the early missionaries in 
South America, in allusion to a fancied representation 
in the blossoms to the implements of the Crucifixion). 
Passion Flower. Including Disemma and Murucuja. 
ORD. Passifloree, A genus comprising about 120 
species of stove, greenhouse, or hardy, climbing, or 
rarely erect, herbs or shrubs; they are mostly American, 
but a few are found in Asia and Australia. Flowers 
hermaphrodite, very rarely unisexual, often showy, axil- 
lary, solitary, or racemose; calyx tube short, urceolate, 
the lobes four or five, linear-oblong or linear, often 
coloured on the inside; petals four or five, or none, 
almost equal to the calyx lobes and more-coloured ; 
corona simple or duplex, the exterior of many, one or 
two-seriate filaments, or membranous and tubular, the 
interior tubular or absent; gynophore elongated, girded 
at the base by a thick pitcher; stamens four or five. 
adnate to the filaments of the gynophore, free at the 
tips ; anthers linear-oblong, versatile. Fruits ovoid or 
globose, juicy or pulpy, sometimes almost three-valved. 
many-seeded, in a few species edible. Leaves alternate, 
rarely opposite, entire, lobed, or parted; petioles often 
glandulose ; tendrils lateral, undivided, rarely absent; 
stipules two or none, sometimes leafy. One or more of 
the species of Passiflora should always be included 
amongst plants selected for covering the roof or rafters of 
either a stove or greenhouse. They are best adapted for 
large structures; in small houses, close pruning becomes 
necessary, and the plants, consequently, cannot properly 
