40 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Pea—continued. 
King of the Marrows, Wrinkled green Marrow. Pods 
generally in pairs, broad, from 2in. to Sin. long, containing from 
six to eight large, oblong peas. h. 6ft. to 64ft. One of the very 
latest and tallest-growing sorts. 
Maclean’s Best of All. Wrinkled green Marrow. Pods 
8 in pairs, over Sin. long, broad, gradually narrowed at 
th ends. They contain from five to eight large peas in each, 
but are not regularly filled. h. about 3ft. A rather late sort, 
productive, and of good quality. 
Ne Plus Ultra.* Wrinkled green Marrow. Pods nearly 
always in pairs, fine dark glaucous green, curved, narrowed 
the stalk; peas very large, from seven to nine in a 
k. from 6ft. to 7ft, An abundant 
Omega (Laxton’s).* Wrinkled green Marrow. Pods usually in 
irs, long, narrow, very closely filled with from eight to ten very 
e, dark green peas, of excellent a h. about 24ft. Very 
prolific. This might be termed a dwarf NE PLUS ULTRA. 
Prizetaker Green Marrow. Smooth, green-seeded Marrow. 
Pods nearly 3sin. long, slightly curved, of a deep bluish-green, 
covered with thick on: Each pod contains from six to ten 
2 e bee become misshapen from being compressed. 
h. Aft. to 
S (Laxton’s).* Wrinkled green Marrow. Pods produced 
in long, nearly straight, containing from six to nine large, 
a pales i peas, pr pisai ran quality. h. about 3ft. One of the 
latest sorts, robust, strong growing, much branched. 
EDIBLE-PODDED OR SUGAR Pras. All the sorts of 
Peas that have been already noticed are grown in 
gardens, principally for the use of their produce in a 
young or green state. They are termed Shelling Peas, 
and the pods are of no use when once their contents 
are extracted, because they are. lined with a hard and 
tough, stringy membrane, which renders them unfit for 
food. In the other class, now under notice, the pods 
are usually destitute of this stringy substance, and 
readily snap, like those of Kidney Beans. If prepared 
and cooked, when young, in a similar way to the last- 
named vegetable, they are considered to form an excel- 
lent dish, one which is more appreciated on the Con- 
tinent than in this country. Edible-podded Peas are 
not much cultivated in Britain; not so extensively, 
perhaps, as their merits deserve. Subjoined are the 
names of a few sorts. 
e 
; es v $ i 
as, ree ved; thio si are very y, thick, an 
Dwarf Dutch. Pods often solitary, narrow, crooked, thick, and 
fleshy ; seeds white, large, from five to seveninapod. A very 
dwarf variety. À 
* erally in pairs, a in. 
A wb ee À 8 Soon pietines 2 
Forty Days Edible-Podded. Pods generally in pairs, straight, 
free from membrane; peas medium-sized, slight! compressed, 
white when ripe. k. about Aft. A climbing variety, which pro- 
duces its flowers over a long period. 
Giant Sugar Pea.* Pods sometimes bin. in length, larger than 
those of any variety of this class, much twisted; r large, 
distinctly seen from the outside of the pod. h. Aft. to 5ft. Should 
be used when young. 
Crooked Sugar Pea.“ Pods very large, sometimes 5in. 
long, broad, often crooked, free from membrane, and exceedingly 
tender when young. B. about 5ft. One of the best sorts, more 
extensively grown than any of the others. 
Funai. The Fungi parasitic on Peas are chiefly two 
species, which resemble each other in forming whitish 
coatings on the leaves and other parts of the plants; 
but they are not difficult to distinguish, even with the 
unaided eye. In both, the whitish coat is formed of 
rows of cells, forming threads too slender to be seen 
distinctly, even with a lens. Both belong to the forms 
included under the general name of Mildew (which 
see); but they represent widely different groups of 
Fungi. Erysiphe Martii (Pea Mildew) is the commoner 
of the two. It possesses conidia of the type described 
under Oidium and also spores in asci which lie in the 
perithecia. The plants are, at times, wholly covered 
with this Fungus, and the result is stoppage of their 
growth, and loss of the seeds. Unfortunately, this 
Pea—continued. 
Fungus grows on many other plants also, so that it can 
hardly be exterminated from gardens, Peronospora Vicia 
(Pea Mould) is more plentiful on Tares than on Peas. On 
both, it grows on the lower surface of the leaves; and 
it differs from the Pea Mildew in sending its filaments 
through the Pea’s tissues, thus living inside the host- 
plant. It differs also in the reproductive processes. The 
conidia are of the kind described under Peronospora; 
and so also are the resting, or sexually mature, spores. 
The latter are formed within the tissues of the Peas, 
and serve to reproduce the Fungus in the following 
spring. Plants attacked by this Fungus are pierced by 
it in all directions, though only the branches that bear 
conidia are to be seen on the outer surface of the 
host-plant. The diseased tissues become brown, and 
ultimately rotten, and fall to pieces. P. Vici appears 
in early summer; it attacks many leguminous plants. 
Remedies should be directed rather to insure prevention 
of injury to subsequent crops than in trying to save 
those plants already diseased. All refuse, especially Pea 
stalks, and other rubbish of that nature, must be collected 
and burned, to prevent the diseases being transmitted by 
such means from the crop of one year to that of the 
next. The remedies recommended under Mildew and 
Oidium would help to check Pea Mildew (which is quite 
superficial in its growth), but would not be of any use 
for Pea Mould. 
Peas, along with Beans and Vetches, are also subject 
to the attacks of Pea and Bean Rust (Uromyces appen- 
diculatus, var. Pisi). Plants diseased from this cause 
assume a dull, rusty-brown hue, which, in bad attacks, 
may almost conceal the green of the leaves, but usually 
only modifies it more or less. This colour is due to very 
numerous, small, rust-coloured spots, distributed over the 
surface, none of them usually exceeding win. across; 
though, occasionally, two or more may meet, and join 
into one spot. Under the microscope, the spots are seen 
to be made up of a crowded mass of minute, egg-shaped 
cells, of a rusty-brown colour, each supported on a long, 
slender stalk. These cells are the spores of the Fungus, 
and ripen towards the end of summer, or in autumn. In 
spring, each pushes out a blunt, slender tube, on which 
form three or four very small sporidia; and these, if 
they fall on a suitable food-plant, push a tube into it. 
This tube branches and spreads through the tissues, and 
forms, in turn, new spots of spores bursting through the 
epidermis, or skin, of the leaf. It is believed, by some 
botanists, that this Fungus appears also in another form 
on one of the Spurges, Euphorbia Oyparissias. Plants 
attacked by Rust should be burned as soon as possible, 
to prevent the disease from spreading. The position of 
the mycelium in the tissues of the host-plants renders 
any direct means of destroying the Fungus hopeless, with- 
out involving the host-plant in the demolition. Such 
plants as favour its spread, and give it support, e.g., 
Vetches, should be kept as far from the Pea crop as 
possible, 
Inszot Pzsts. The Pea is exposed to the attacks of 
not a few insects. Some of these injure the leaves and 
the young stems; others feed in the fruit, eating the 
Peas, either while young and soft, or after they have 
been stored in the granary, and leaving them mere hollow 
shells, pierced at one side with a hole. The seeds are 
frequently damaged by Millipedes (see Myriapoda) while 
they are sprouting, especially in wet seasons, and, like 
all garden produce, they are eaten by slugs and snails. 
Among their worst foes are the Pea and Bean Weevils 
(see Sitona), which, as beetles, gnaw the leaflets, leaving 
the margins notched ; or the whole leaflet is more or 
less completely eaten away. In very bad attacks, the 
whole crop may be destroyed: These beetles also feed 
on Beans, Clover, Lucern, and other leguminous plants. 
The most hurtful species are the Striped Pea Weevil 
