44. 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Peach—continued. 
especially a dark lozenge-shaped mark on the front mar- 
gin. All the wings are narrow, and long-fringed. This 
Rock is found both in Europe and in North America. 
A Weevil, Otiorhynchus ligustici (see Otiorhyncus), 
gnaws the leaves of the Peach, as well as of many other 
trees. The larve of several of the larger moths and 
butterflies also eat the leaves; but the harm done by them 
is seldom serious. A Sawfly (Lyda nemoralis), in the 
larval state, lives on several trees of the group of stone- 
fruits, and among these is the Peach; the larve live in 
colonies, but each in a separate tube, protected in the 
common web (see Lyda). The webs, with the inclosed 
larve, are easily removed and destroyed. 
The worst insect enemies of the Peach-tree are Aphides, 
of which several species are found on it in Britain. 
The most hurtful is Aphis Persicw, B. de Fonsc. (A. Amyg- 
dali, Buckton), since it causes the young leaves near the 
tips of the branches to assume a blistered appearance, 
to become thickened and red, and to curl up, so as to 
form retreats below them, in which the insects live pro- 
tected. The leaves become useless to the tree, and drop 
off prematurely. The insects are of an ochreous or 
rusty-yellow colour, with dark brown or black markings 
covering a great part of the upper surface. Myzus 
Persice and Hyalopterus Pruni are both common on 
Peach-trees; but they do not give rise to the distortion 
of the leaves, though hurtful by covering the leaves with 
their skins and excretions, and weakening the trees by 
the food they draw from the tissues. The former species 
has the wingless female rosy or rusty-red, the winged 
female brown or almost black, and the male citron-yellow. 
The latter has the wingless female pale green, and the 
winged female yellowish - green. 
appears, the twigs most affected should be cut off and 
destroyed, with their inhabitants, For all the species, 
washes may be used, such as soapsuds, or a solution of 
llb. of soft soap in five gallons of water, or a solution 
of soft soap with tobacco. These liquids may be pumped 
on from a garden engine, or the infested twigs may be 
dipped into them; but special care must be taken to 
the insects on the under surface of the leaves. 
The Peach Scale insect (Lecanium Persice) lives on the 
buds and branches of Peach, Plum, and various other 
trees. As in the allied species (see Scale Insects), the 
female is covered with a slightly convex, oval shield. 
‘This is brown, with a yellowish dorsal line, and two 
darker spots at the sides. As the eggs become matured, 
the shield becomes nearly hemispherical, and the legs 
Fig. 43. LECANIUM PERSICa&, showing (a) Leaf, with Mal i 
F 2 E, 8 Ving Ak, Male on it, 
slightly enlarged ; (ò) Male flying, much enlarged. = 
disappear from the lower surface. The males (see Fig. 
43) are smaller than the females, have two wings, and 
bear two slender filaments, like tails; they are dark red- 
brown, with black head, and yellowish antenne and legs. 
When Aphis Persice ` 
Peach - continued. 
For this, as for the other Scale insects, the best treat- 
ment is the use of a stiff brush, with similar solutions 
to those employed against Aphides (which see), or with 
paraffin, to remove them from the branches. 
Lastly, the fruit of the Peach is, in common with the 
other stone-fruits, inhabited occasionally by the larva of 
a beetle (Anthonomus druparum), which feeds in the 
seed, but usually does not greatly check the growth of 
the edible part of the fruit. This beetle is nearly related 
to the Apple Blossom Weevil (which see for methods 
of prevention and remedies). 
PEACH BLISTER. A blistered and curled state 
of the leaves, which become somewhat fleshy, and fall 
prematurely. It may be caused by a Fungus, Egoascus 
deformans (see Peach Fungi), or by Green Fly, of which 
the worst species is Aphis Persic (see Peach 
PEACH MYRTLE. A common name for Hypo- 
calymma robustum. 
PEACOCK FLOWER. A common name of Poin- 
ciana regia. : 
PEACOCK FLOWER FENCE. A common name 
for Adenanthera pavonina. 
PEA, EARTH. See Lathyrus amphicarpus. 
PEA, EVERLASTING. See Lathyrus syl- 
vestris platyphyllus. 
PEA, FLAT. See Platylobium. 
PEAGLE. An old name for Primula veris. 
PEA, GLORY. See Clianthus Dampieri. 
PEA MOTH (Grapholitha pisana). In the larval 
state, the Pea Moth is one of the most hurtful insects 
to the vegetable which it infests, and is, at the same 
time, very common. It is also known as Endopisa proxi- 
mana. For a full description of this Moth, methods of 
anin &c., see the remarks on INSECTS under 
ea. 
PEA NUT. See Arachis hypogæa. 
PEA, PARTRIDGE. See Heisteria. 
PEA, PIGEON. Sce Cajanus indicus. 
PEAR (Pyrus communis). The Pear-tree has been 
known, and has been under cultivation, from a period of 
remote antiquity. It is found wild in some parts of 
England, is a native of most temperate parts of Europe 
and Western Asia, and is also found in the Himalayan 
region; other wild types, besides P. communis, have 
had more or less to do with the origin of many cul- 
tivated Pears. In a wild state, its branches are 
thorny; but, under cultivation, the thorns disappear, and 
are replaced by fruit-buds, which are formed on shoots 
of about the same length, technically termed spurs. The 
tree is naturally more inclined to grow in a pyramidal 
form than the Apple-tree (Pyrus Malus). It differs 
also from the Apple in being longer as a seedling plant 
in coming into bearing; while, on the other hand, under 
favourable conditions, it is very much longer-lived. The 
Pear can, however, scarcely be considered so hardy as 
the Apple, as it is not found so far north, in either a 
wild or cultivated state. In old orchards, where Pear 
and Apple-trees have been growing under similar con- 
ditions, it has been noted that the former were in full 
vigour, and bearing abundantly, long after the latter 
had disappeared, or had been removed in consequence of 
natural decay. The Pear does not produce fruit on the 
former year’s wood, but on spurs which grow out of 
wood not less than a year old. On the points of these, 
buds are formed, and the flowers are produced from each, 
in corymbs of from five to nine (see Fig. 44, whigh shows 
two corymbs of flowers), A large proportion of these 
