AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
47 
Pear—continued. i 
horizontally-trained trees, the five-branched vertieal, and 
single cordons, may be grown on strained wire fences, in 
which position, if some slight protection is afforded the 
trees when in flower, good results may be obtained. 
Standard Pears are mostly worked on the Pear stock. 
This form of tree is not much planted in kitchen gardens, 
but is most frequently seen in paddocks, orchards, &c., 
and is still more extensively adopted for market gardens, 
where the ground beneath is cropped with bush fruits, 
&c. When once properly started, standard trees grow 
rapidly, and soon arrive at a bearing state. They may 
be planted in rows at about 30ft. apart, and 25ft. distant 
in the rows; or more space may be allowed according 
to circumstances. 
Bush Pear-trees on the Quince stock are usually very 
productive, and, when laden with fruit, are exceedingly 
ornamental. They are specially adapted for small gardens, 
and may be planted as close as 4ft. or 6ft. Bush 
trees may readily be kept at a height not exceeding the 
latter figure, and eventually induced to grow nearly as 
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Pear—continued. 
Horizontal training is the system perhaps most generally 
adopted for Pear-trees on walls; that is, an upright stem 
is secured, with branches proceeding horizontally in either 
direction. If grafted on the Quince, these trees should not 
be situated much wider apart than 12ft.; otherwise, the 
branches from each will not extend sufficiently far to pro- 
perly occupy the intervening space. On the Pear stock, 
they may be planted about 20ft. apart. Walls being so 
expensive to build, and so valuable for the cultivation of 
fruit-trees, it is most important that their surfaces should 
be covered with branches as quickly as possible. The 
branches on trees horizontally trained require to be about 
1ft. apart, and, as generally only one pair can be obtained 
each year, the system for wall-covering is rather a slow 
one. To utilise the intervening space between permanent 
trees, riders may be planted midway, and trained as well 
as circumstances admit, something in the way suggested 
at B, Fig. 45, where A, A represent the permanent 
trees. Such temporary trees for fruit-production are not 
much to be depended upon, as they have to be cut away 
ELE DEBI 
Fig. 45. HORIZONTAL SYSTEM OF TRAINING PEAR-TREES, 
much in diameter. When they are in full bearing, it is 
necessary to apply a good top-dressing of manure. 
Pyramid training is largely practised with Pear-trees, 
and handsome specimens, some 15ft. high, are sometimes 
to be seen. Such trees, when once formed, invariably 
flower profusely, and, if the weather and season prove 
favourable, are very productive. Pyramids may be pro- 
cured worked either on the Pear stock or on the Quince. 
When the others require space, and this is, perhaps, just at 
the time they arrive at a bearing state. One of the chief 
essentials with horizontal trees is to keep their lower 
branches equally vigorous with the more favourably- placed 
upper ones. To effect this, it is frequently necessary to 
raise the former in an oblique direction, while the latter 
are kept horizontal, until of about an equal strength, when 
they may all be trained horizontally. In order to furnish 
— 
On the Pear stock, and in good deep soil, 
1 FE 
Skt. to 10ft. apart may be allowed in large 
gardens; for the Quince, 6ft. between will 
generally prove sufficient, particularly if 
Space is limited. 
Single, double, or triple cordons soon 
effectively furnish walls and afford oppor- 
tunities for growing those varieties that 
are known to succeed, and for trying any 
reputed good sorts from other localities. 
The trees may be trained vertically or 
obliquely ; for high walls, the first-named 
plan may be adopted, while an oblique 
angle would allow a further extension on 
a low wall. They may have been worked 
on either Pear or Quince stocks, accord- 
ing to which succeeds best; and, in 
planting, provision should be made for 
allowing a space of from lft. to lft. between each 
two of the cordon branches. ‘The different sorts of 
cordon will, therefore, cause a variation in the distances 
apart to be allowed when planting. 
Fig. 46, FAN-TRAINING OF PEAR-TREES. 
the angle between two permanent trees trained under 
this system, the upper pair of branches of a rider would 
of necessity have an undue advantage over the others 
below, as shown in the illustration to which reference 
