AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 57 
Pear continued. 
when the young leaves are forming on the new summer 
shoots, to cut off the diseased leaves formed in spring, 
and burn them, since, at this period, almost all the 
Mites will be in the galls in these leaves. It is of little 
use to attempt a remedy at other seasons, or to employ 
other means. 
The flowers and the young fruits occasionally suffer from 
Anthonomus pomorum (see Apple-blossom Weevil); 
and the Pears are eaten into by the larva of Carpocapsa 
pomonana (see Apple or Codlin Grub), and by Woodlice. 
PEAR, ALLIGATOR. See Persea gratissima. 
PEAR, ANCHOVY. See Grias. 
PEAR, AVOCADO. See Persea gratissima. 
PEARCEA. Included under Isoloma (which see). 
PEAR, GARLIC. See Cratæva. 
PEARL FRUIT. See Margyricarpus. 
PEARL WEED, or PEARL WORT. A common 
name for Sagina (which see). 
PEAR, PRICKLY. See Opuntia. ; 
PEAR-SHAPED. Obovoid or obconical, with a 
tapering base. 
PEAR SLUG. The larva of Eriocampa limacina (see 
Slugworms). It is also called Plum Slug, and is named 
after several other plants in like manner, as it feeds on 
a number of fruit-trees and shrubs. For description and 
remedies, see Slugworms. 
PEA, SWEET. See Lathyrus odoratus. 
PEAT. Bog earth. 
PEA-TREE. See Sesbania, 
PEA-TREE, SIBERIAN. See Caragana. 
PEA WEEVIL. See remarks on INsrcts, under Pea. 
PEBBLE MOTH. See Pionea forficalis. 
PECAN NUT-TREE. See Carya oliveformis. 
PECTINATE. Pinnatifid, with numerous, closely- 
placed, narrow segments, resembling the teeth of a comb. 
PECTIS (from pecten, a comb; referring to the 
pappus). Including Laurentea. ORD. Composite. About 
forty species have been referred to this genus, but the 
number may be reduced. They are greenhouse or half- 
hardy, annual or perennial herbs, sometimes diffuse or 
prostrate, sometimes erect, slender, and glabrous, and are 
found in the warmer parts of America, from Brazil or 
Bolivia as far as Mexico. Flower-heads yellow (or 
white), small or mediocre, often narrow, slender-stalked 
or sessile, solitary or corymbose; involucre of a single 
row of bracts; receptacle small, naked; pappus bristly 
or scaly. Leaves opposite, usually narrow and entire, 
and furnished with pellucid dots. The species have but 
little horticultural value, although the under-mentioned is 
worth cultivating. It requires treatment similar to other 
half-hardy annuals. 
8 — w, fra t. 
7. 8 8 25 ra 1 8 ‘Anlerics, 
1865. A branching, balf-hardy annual, with a compact habit 
and dense inflorescence. (B. M. 6286.) 
PEDALINEZ:. A small natural order of annual or 
perennial herbs, rarely sub-shrubs, with vesicular glands, 
natives of the warmer regions of the globe, but most 
abundant in Africa. Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular, 
those of Old World genera axillary, solitary, or rarely 
fasciculate ; those of American genera disposed in terminal 
racemes, shortly or very shortly pedicellate; calyx gamo- 
sepalous, parted nearly to the base into four, rarely five, 
segments, or rarely membranous, five-fid, and spathe- 
like; corolla gamopetalous, tubular, often oblique or 
decurved at base, and more or less oblique at back; limb 
of five spreading lobes, usually bilabiate, imbricated ; 
stamens alternating with the corolla lobes, usually in- 
cluded. Fruit capsular, nut-like, or rarely sub-drupaceous. 
Vol. III. 
Pedalinee continued. 
Leaves opposite, or the upper ones alternate, entire, 
toothed, incised, or pedatifid. Sesamum or Gingilie Oil, 
largely used by Orientals, is extracted from the seeds of 
Sesamum indicum and S. orientale; but the species, 
generally speaking, have not much economic value. The 
order comprises a dozen genera, and only about forty 
species. Illustrative genera are: Martynia, Pedaliwm, 
Pterodiscus, and Sesamum. 
PEDALIS. In length, 1ft. 
PEDALIUM (from pedalion, a rudder; in reference 
to the dilated angles of the fruit). ORD. Pedalinee. 
A monotypic genus. The species, P. murex, a native of 
India and tropical Africa, is probably now lost to cultiva- 
tion. It is a sparingly-branched, glabrous annual, with 
opposite or alternate, stalked leaves, from the axils of 
which spring the solitary, sub-erect, shortly-stalked, yellow 
flowers. 
PEDATE, PEDATIFID. Re- 
sembling a bird's foot; palmately 
parted or divided, with the lateral 
divisions cleft into smaller segments. 
A Pedate leaf is shown at Fig. 62. 
PEDATIPARTITE, PEDATI- | 
SECT. Pedately parted in such a 
manner that the segments become dis- 
tinct leaflets. 
PEDICEL. The support of a single flower; the 
last branch of the inflorescence. 
PEDICULARIS (from pediculus, a louse; it was 
supposed to cause sheep to be infested with that insect). 
Lousewort. ORD. Scrophularinee. Of this genus, above 
120 species have been enumerated; they are mostly 
hardy perennial (rarely annual?) herbs, broadly dis- 
persed, but mainly in the Northern hemisphere. Flowers 
in bracteate spikes or racemes, honeyed, often secund ; 
calyx tubular or campanulate, two or five-toothed ; corolla 
with a cylindrical or swollen tube, and a bilabiate limb, 
the upper lip of which is galeated. Leaves alternate or 
whorled, very rarely sub-opposite, once or much-pin- 
nately divided, rarely simple and toothed; floral ones 
decreasing, mostly bract-like. Some of the species are 
pretty little plants; they succeed if planted in a moist, 
peaty soil, and are propagated most readily from seeds. 
A selection of the species best known to cultivation is 
given below; they are hardy perennials, except where 
otherwise indicated. Most of the species are not long- 
lived in cultivation; they are probably all more or less 
parasitic on the roots of other plants. 
P. canadensis (Canadian). Wood Betony. fl. wholly cream- 
colour, or with the obtuse, bidentate of the corolla purple ; 
calyx hairy. July and August. pinnatifid, with obtuse, 
crenated segments. Stem simple. A. 6in. to 12in. North 
America, 1760. (B. M. 2506; S. B. F. G. 67.) 4 
. comosa (tufted). fl. usually cream-coloured, in a short, dense 
a sere in of corolla obtuse, bidentate. July and August. 
J. pinnate; leaflets pinnatifid and toothed. Stem simple, 
downy. R. 6in. to 2f 
Fig. 62. PEDATE 
LEAF. 
t. Eastern Europe, &c., 1 2 
„ dolichorhiza (long-rooted).* ji. golden-yellow, in a termi 
Eoy upper lip Cr 3 curved down Into a short, straight 
beak: lower lip trilobed. Summer. l. pinnate, with toothed 
. h. lft. to 1}ft. Eastern Europe, &c., 1884. A pretty 
plant. (R. G. 1884, p. 54.) 
„ flammea (flame-coloured).* jl. pale red; galea of corolla very 
blunt, rounded. May and June. l pinnate; leaflets roundish, 
imbricated backwards, doubly toothed. Stem simple. A. Ein. to 
12in. Arctic Norway, Iceland, &c., 1775. 1 f 
. flava (yellow). ellow, striped with red; yx woolly; 
ae of 8 Ae ok very convex, bidentate. July. l. fleshy, 
deeply pinnatifid, with distant, oblong, coarsely and doubly- 
toothed segments. Stem simple. h. 6in. Siberia, 1828. 
. foliosa (leaf cream- colour, in a dense spike; galea of 
1 3 jid glabrous, very blunt. July. l pinnatitid, with 
lanceolate, unequally-toothed segments. Stem simple, short 
and almost naked, or tall and leafy. h. Gin. to sft. Kurope, 
1786. (J. F. A. 139.) 8 : 
„ incarnata (flesh-coloured). A. pale red; calyx hoary-pubescent ; 
‘a of poets with an obtuse or emarginate, falcate beak. June 
I 
