94 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
PHARUS (from pharos, a covering; the leaves are 
used for thatching and other purposes). ORD. Graminee. 
A genus comprising about five species (which, however, 
are closely related) of stove grasses, natives of tropical 
America, from Brazil to Mexico and Florida. Flowers 
in a large, terminal, loosely eg tear panicle, with 
elongated, slender, often divided branchlets; spikelets 
unisexual, monæœcious, one-flowered, the females two or 
three times longer than the males. Leaves long-stalked, 
ample, acuminated, oblique; petioles twisted, often re- 
versed. ` P. latifolius, the only species introduced, requires 
culture similar to Bambusa (which see). 
P. latifolius (broad-leaved). fl., fertile glume little longer than 
the sterile pair, villous to the base; female spikelets nearly 
in. long. July. l. obovate-oblong or on ee gy S cuspidate, 
scabrous beneath, 6in. to 8in. long, lin. to 2sin. broad. 
h. 14ft. to 3ft. Jamaica, 1796. 
P, 1. vittatus (banded).* A finely variegated form, with foliage 
banded with white or flushed with rose. (F. d. S. 316, under 
name of P. vittatus.) 
PHASEOLUS (the old Greek name used by Dios- 
corides, probably from phaselus, a little boat; referring 
to a supposed resemblance in the pods). Kidney Bean. 
ORD. Leguminose. A rather extensive genus (about 
sixty species) of twining, prostrate, or short and erect, 
= stove, greenhouse, or hardy, annual or perennial herbs, 
rarely woody at base, broadly dispersed over the warmer 
regions of the globe. Flowers white, yellow, red, violet, 
or purplish, fasciculately racemose on knot-like protuber- 
ances above the middle of the axillary peduncles; upper 
calyx lobes or teeth connate or free; standard orbiculate ; 
wings obovate or rarely oblong; keel linear or obovate, 
terminating in a long, spirally-twisted point. Pods 
linear or faleate, sub-terete or compressed. Leaves 
pinnately trifoliolate, stipellate, very rarely unifoliolate ; 
stipules persistent, striated; bracts often caducous, 
stipuliform or small; bracteoles often broad. Few of the 
species are of any horticultural value. For culture of 
P. vulgaris, see Beans. The stove species require 
similar treatment to Dolichos (which see). 
P. Caracalla (Caracalla). fi. purple 
E c i 
rhomboid, acuminated. E twini 
—— Stove perennial. . B. K I: B. R. 24 era 
P. lobatus (lobed-leav ellow, i ; 
— AR EEFT 
less twisted ; keel with an extraordinary, spirally- acumi- 
pious, ternate ieafiets 
almost 
perennial. (B. M. 4076.) 
P. semi-erectus (slightly-erect). fl., vexillum greenish, tinged 
with purple ; keel purple in the middle, but white on the sides ; 
wings deep purple; peduncles elongated. July. Z., leaflets 
ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Stems twining at the apex. 
South America, 1781. Stove annual. (B. R. 743.) 
. vulgaris (common). Dwarf, or French Kidney Bean. fl. vari- 
able, usually white or lilac; racemes pedunculate, shorter than 
the leaves ; pedicels twin. June to September. l, leafiets ovate, 
acumina Plant twining, smoothish. Tropical and temperate 
ions; ‘‘ universally cultivated, but not anywhere clearly known 
asa wild plant” (Baker). 1597. Tender annual. See also 
P. v. multiflorus (many-fiowered). Scarlet Runner. This differs 
from the type by its bright scarlet, casually white, flowers, 
arranged in long racemes, which often overtop the leaves. See 
=. PHEASANTS EYE. A common name for Adonis 
ee estivalis, A. autumnalis, and Dianthus plumarius. 
PHEBALIUM (from Phibale, a Myrtle; alluding to 
the appearence of the species). ORD. Rutacee. A genus 
comprising (according to Bentham) twenty-eight species 
of greenhouse, glabrous or stellate-pubescent, scaly or 
rarely hirsute shrubs or small trees, of which one is a 
native of New Zealand, and the rest are all South Aus- 
tralian. Flowers white or yellow, small, very rarely 
four or six-merous; calyx segments and petals five, the 
latter valvate or laterally imbricated, but always with 
valvate, inflexed tips; inflorescence axillary or terminal; 
peduncles usually forming a short, umbel-like raceme, 
- patrons of the botanist Tournefort). 
Phebalium continued. 
rarely one-flowered or reduced to a compact head. Leaves 
alternate, simple, entire or slightly toothed, the glands 
often large and prominent. The species require a com- 
post of three parts sandy peat and one of sandy loam. 
Propagation may be effected by cuttings of the young 
wood, inserted in sand, under a glass. The under- 
mentioned species are all Australian, 
E: aureum (golden). A synonym of P. sguamulosum. 
P. Billardieri (Labillardiére’s). H. yellow, in axillary corymbs, 
shortly pedunculate, but always shorter than the leaves; pe- 
duncles and pedicels scaly. April. J. oblong, lanceolate, or 
linear, obtuse or acute, rarely under zin. and often šin., some- 
times 4in. to Hin. long, silvery-white beneath, with minute scales. 
1822. An erect shrub or small tree. Syn. P. elatum. 
P. elatum (tall). A synonym of P. Billardievi. 
P. lachnoides (woolly). H. yellow, on short, axill: pedicels, 
usually crowded near the ends of the branches. 1 crowded, 
narrow-linear, obtuse or scarcely mucronate, rarely exceeding 
zin. long, the margins revolute, glabrous above, hoary beneath. 
Branches minutely stellate-pubescent. A. 3ft. 1824. 
P. squamulosum (slightly scaly). H. yellow, in terminal, sessile, 
simple or compound umbels or corymbs, not exceeding the last 
leaves; pedicels, calyx, and petals covered with comparatively 
large scurfy scales. May. J. shortly petiolate, oblong or linear, 
obtuse, but often mucronulate, zin. te 14in. long, the margins flat 
or slightly recurved, smooth above or slightly glandular-tuber- 
culate, covered underneath with scurfy peltate scales. Young 
branches brown, with scurfy scales. A. 2ft. 1824. Syn. 
P. aureum. 
PHEGOPTERIS. Included under Polypodium 
(which see). 
PHELIPÆA (named after the Philipeaux family, 
Syns. Anoplanthus 
(in part), Macranoplon (in part). ORD. Orobanchaceæ. 
A genus comprising only a couple of species of singular 
and beautiful, puberulous or glabrous, hardy, leafless, 
Oriental herbs. Flowers scarlet, large, ebracteolate, 
always solitary, on a few-scaled, elongated scape or 
naked peduncle; calyx broadly campanulate, cut into five 
unequal, acute lobes; corolla tube broadly ventricose, 
incurved; limb large, spreading, sub-bilabiate, with five 
broadly rotundate, scarcely unequal lobes. “ Only one 
species has yet been successfully cultivated. It is a 
hardy perennial (?), parasitical upon the roots of Cen- 
taurea dealbata. The seeds should be sown with those 
of the Centaurea, together, in the same pot, when pro- 
bably some will germinate, fasten themselves upon the 
roots of the seedling Centaureas, and develop into plants” 
(N. E. Brown). 
P. foliata (leafy). fl., corolla inflated, ventricose ; tube nearly lin 
long; limb nearly lin. in diameter, the throat having two dark 
velvety spots ; stamens inserted below the middle of the tube; 
scape lft. long, terete, somewhat flexuous, stri: glabrous, or 
somewhat puberulous at 25 scales semi-amplexicaul, sheath- 
ing, remote. Caucasus, 1880. SYNS. Anoplanthus Biebersteini 
(R. G. 1000), A. foliata. 
PHENAKOSPERMUM. Included under Ravenala. 
PHEROTRICHIS. A synonym of Lachnostoma 
(which see). 
PHIALIS. A synonym of Bahia. 
PHILADELPHEÆ. Included under Sazifrageæ. 
PHILADELPHUS (an ancient Greek name, mean- 
ing brotherly love, applied, by Athenæas, to a different 
plant). Mock Orange; Syringa. ORD. Sazifragew. A genus 
| comprising about twelve species of hardy, ornamental shrubs, 
natives of central Europe, temperate North America, Japan, 
and the Himalayan Mountains. Flowers white or straw- 
coloured, often sweet-smelling, axillary, solitary or corym- 
bose, bracteate; calyx tube turbinate, adnate to the ovary; 
lobes four, rarely five, valvate; petals four, rarely five, 
rotund or obovate, convolute; stamens twenty to forty. 
Leaves opposite, deciduous, entire or serrate, often covered 
with stellate down; stipules wanting. Branches rather te- 
rete, opposite. The species are of easy culture in any fairly 
good soil. The plants flower on the wood of the previous 
Fear; this may be cut away when flowering is over, and 
