118 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
PHYTEUMA (an old Greek name, meaning simply 
“the plant, used by Dioscorides, for a kind of Reseda). 
Horned Rampion. Syn. Rapunculus. Including Petro- 
marula. ORD. Campanulacee. To this well-known genus 
about fifty plants have been referred as species, but this 
number may be reduced. They are mostly hardy peren- 
nial herbs, natives of Europe, the Mediterranean region, 
and temperate Asia. Flowers often sessile, variously dis- 
posed ; calyx tube adnate, hemispherical or oblong-ob- 
conical, with a five-parted limb; corolla five-parted 
almost to the base, the lobes linear and cohering a long 
time. Radical leaves long-stalked; cauline ones alter- 
nate, smaller. The species are very pretty plants for 
_ rockwork and borders; they thrive in any moderately 
good garden soil. Propagation is easily effected by 
seeds, or by divisions, in spring. The dwarf-growing 
mountain species, such as P. comosum, like a well-drained 
spot in the rockery. The following are the best known; 
they are all hardy perennial herbs. 
P. betoniczefolium (Betony-leaved). f. blue; spikes ovoid, 
almost bractless. June. J. glabrous or pilose, lower ones oblong, 
acuminated, simply serrulated; upper ones linear-lanceolate, 
— al entire. Stems glabrous. R. Ein. to 12in. Pyrenees, &c., 
P. campanuloides (Campanula-like). fl. deep violaceous-blue, 
disposed in a spike 2in. to Sin. long, one to three together, from 
the axils of the bracts. June to August. l., lower ones petiolate, 
ovate, bluntish, crenated; middle ones broad, sessile, ovate, 
acute, crenated; upper ones lanceolate, serrated. R. e 
2ft. Caucasus. 1804. (B. M. 1015.) 
N 
eS 
Fie. 139. PHYTEUMA CHARMELII, showing Habit and detached 
Inflorescence and Flower. 
. Charmelii (Dr. Charmeil’s). jl. blue, in spherical heads. May 
to August. J. of various forms; radical ones on long petioles, 
cordate-ovate, acute, coarsely serrate-toothed; lower cauline 
ones petiolate, lanceolate, irregularly serrate-toothed. h. 6in. 
to 12in. Apennines, &c., 1823. See Fig. 139. 
P. comosum (tufted).* AH. on short peduncles, disposed in loose, 
umbel-formed fascicles; corolla purple or blue, inflated at the 
base, tube-formed. July. J. coarsely and acutely toothed; 
radical ones on long petioles, cordate-ovate-roundish ; cauline 
ones on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute. k. 3in. to 6in. 
Dalmatia, Carniola, South of Tyrol, &c., 1752 (B. M. 6478; 
J. F. A. app. 50.) 
P. humile (dwarf).* fl. blue, in globose heads. July. l, radical 
ones crowded, linear-lanceolate, narrow at the base, nearly entire ; 
cauline ones few, linear, entire. R. 3in. Switzerland, &c., 1825. 
See Fig. 140. 
P. limoniifolium (Limonium-leaved). fl. blue, sessile; spikes 
long, interrupted. June and July. l, radical ones on long 
paos quite glabrous, lanceolate, a little toothed. Stems 
ranched. h. 2ft. to 3ft. South Europe, &c., 1819. (B. M. 
2145, under name of P. stricta; L. B. C. 667, under name of 
P. virgata; S. F. G. 2183.) 
P. Michelii (Micheli’s). fl. pale or deep blue; spikes ovate; 
racts reflexed. July and August. J. of various forms; radical 
ones petiolate, ovate-cordate or ovate ; cauline ones linear-lanceo- 
late. Stems eg k. 1ft. to 2ft. South Europe, 1819. (B. M. 
2271; B. M, 2066, r name of P. betonicæfolium). SYN. 
Phyteuma—continued. 
P. orbiculare (orbicular). „l. deep blue, in round heads. June 
to August. l., radical ones petiolate, lanceolate, sub-cordate, 
crenated ; cauline ones sessile, linear-lanceolate. A. Ein. to 18in. 
Europe, &c. (in pastures and by roadsides, on a chalky soil). 
(B. M. 1466; Sy. En. B. 864.) 
P, pinnatum (pinnate). f. blue or white, pedicellate, disposed 
in loose racemes. August. l., first radical ones petiolate, ovate. 
acute ; the 1 ones pinnate, with the petioles margined and 
lobed. h. 3ft. to 6ft. Crete, 1640. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 224.) 
Fig. 140. PHYTEUMA HUMILE, showing Habit and detached 
ower. 
P. Scheuchzeri (Scheuchzer’s). fl. deep blue, in spherical heads. 
May. J. petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, bluntly serrated; lower 
cauline ones linear-lanceolate, acutely serrulated; upper ones 
1 nearly entire. h. lft. European Alps, 1815. (B. M 
* 
P. scorzonerifolium (Salsify-leaved). A synonym of P. 
Michelii. 
P. Sieberi (Sieber's). deep blue, in spherical heads. May. 
J., radical ones petiolate, ovate-roundish, sub-cordate, crenated ; 
lower cauline ones petiolate, lanceolate, coarsely toothed ; 
upper ones stem-clasping. h. Sin. to Ein. Apennines, 1826. 
1 l (spiked). A. white, cream. coloured, or blue; spikes 
cylindrical, elongated. July. J., lower ones on lon 
a get hg rar 
(B. M. 2547; Sy. En. B. 865.) id í x 
PHYTOCRENE (from phyton, a plant, and krene, 
a fountain; alluding to the quantity of sap which flows 
from the plants when cut). Syn. Gynocephala. ORD. 
Olacinee. A genus comprising about five species of tall, 
stove, climbing or twining shrubs, abounding in limpid 
juice (which is drunk by the natives of Martaban), 
natives of tropical Asia. Flowers villous, small, the 
female heads solitary, larger than the paniculate male 
heads. Leaves alternatė, entire or palmately lobed. The 
wood of these plants is soft and porous, and of peculiar 
structure. P. gigantea, the East Indian Fountain-tree, 
is the only species introduced. _It is a stove climber, 
of no particular horticultural value. 
PHYTOCRENEZ. A tribe of Olacinew. 
PHYTOLACCA (from phyton, a plant, and lac, lake; 
referring to the crimson juice of the fruit). Orp. Phyto- 
laccacew. A genus comprising about half-a-score species 
of stove, greenhouse, or hardy shrubs, herbs, or rarely 
trees, erect or climbing, natives of tropical and sub- 
tropical America, Africa, and Asia. Flowers mediocre, 
racemose or thyrsoid, opposite the leaves; perianth her- 
baceous or slightly coloured, four-parted, the segments 
remaining unchanged during fructescence, spreading or 
reflexed; stamens five to twenty-five, inserted at the base 
petioles, 
