Pine-apple—continued. 
few leading sorts enumerated below have been sufficient to 
gradually lead to the discarding of many others of less 
merit. There are, however, a few others in cultivation. 
if Black Jamaica. Flowers purple. Fruit oval, somewhat pyra- 
: midal, bronzy-yellow when ripe, attaining a weight of from 4b. 
to 5lb.; pips medium, prominent, flattened in the centre; flesh 
firm, rich, juicy, and highly flavoured. | ves long, finely 
serrated, dark green, tinged with red. Habit tall and erect.. This 
is undoubtedly one of the best of all varieties for fruiting in 
winter. 
Charlotte Rothschild. Flowers lilac. Fruit large, cylindrical, 
or slightly barrel-shaped, with medium-sized crown; pips large, 
flat, golden-yellow; flesh yellow, and very juicy ; weight from 
Tb. A 10lb. Leaves broad, with strong spines, Saed curved, 
dark green above, mealy beneath. This fine variety requires a 
ORN temperature, plenty of light, and dry air, to ripen it pro- 
perly. i 
Hurst House. Fruit pyramidal, with prominent pips; flesh juicy 
and rich; wei sometimes 6lb. Leaves short, recurved, with 
strong, thickly-set spines. The habit of this variety is very dwarf 
and — ; consequently, it is adapted for culture where space 
is limi It is only of use as a summer variety. SYN. Fairrie’s 
Queen. 
Lady Beatrice Lambton. Flowers purple. Fruit pyramidal 
or conical, with medium or small crown; pips broad, flattened, 
eee -colour, with deep yellow in the furrows between; flesh 
pale yellow, remarkable for the abundance of its juice, flavour 
rich and excellent; average weight about 9lb. (a specimen 
weighing IIIb. 70z. has been grown by Mr. Hunter, at Lambton 
Castle, Durham, where the variety was raised by the late Mr. 
Stevenson, in 1860). Leaves straight and erect, dark green, 
covered with whitish mealiness; spines strong, widely set. 
A large and exceedingly handsome variety, likely to prove, under 
good cultivation, one of the best for general use, and also for 
fruiting in winter. It is less spreading in habit than the 
SMOOTH-LEAVED CAYENNE. 
Lord Carington. Flowers purple. Fruit long, pyramidal, dark 
orange ; pips medium, nearly flat; flesh pale yellow, tender, rich, 
and highly flavoured; weight from Alb. to lb. Leaves broad, 
thickly set with medium-sized spines. A fine winter variety of 
the JAMAICA section, first brought into notice by Mr. Miles, 
gardener to Lord Carington, Wycombe Abbey, Bucks. 
Queen. Flowers lilac. Fruit cylindrical, rich deep yellow when 
ripe; pips medium or rather small, prominent ; flesh pale yellow, 
remarkably juicy and sweet; weight from 3lb. to sometimes 8lb. 
in fine — —— Leaves very short, broad, bluish-green, very 
mealy, with strong spines widely disposed. One of the best Pine- 
apples for general cultivation; it is unexcelled in summer and 
autumn by any other, but does not swell properly in winter. 
This is supposed to be the oldest Pine-apple we have. There are 
several sub-varieties grown, that known as the RIPLEY QUEEN 
the best. It propagates freely, and ripens off its fruit 
i 85 EEN Pine-apples will keep in good condition for 
weeks after they are ripe. : 
* ” 
Fic. 155. SMOOTH-LEAVED CAYENNE PINE-APPLE. 
Smooth-leaved 3 Flowers purple. Fruit very large, 
cylindrical or somewhat barrel-shaped, dark orange- yellow; pips 
flat; flesh pale yellow, rich, and highly flavoured ; weight 
from 6lb. to Ib.; crown large. Leaves long, broad, dark green, 
almost free from spines. A very handsome variety, one of the 
st fe in winter and early spring, when it is more 
juicy than any other. See Fig. 155. This is the variet 
which is so largely grown in the Azores, whence the Englis 
fruiterers obtain their principal supply of fruits from autumn 
5 g Ed 
| 
— 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Pine-apple— continued. > 
wou the following May. It does not produce suckers very 
reely. . 
Thoresby Queen. Flowers purplish-lilac. Fruit large, barrel - 
shaped, stouter and shorter than that of CHARLOTTE ROTHS- 
CHILD; pips flat, swelling evenly; flesh deep orange-yellow, 
firm, moderately juicy ; weight 6lb. to 8lb; crown small. aves 
taller than those of the common QUEEN, with very fine, thickly- 
set spines. Plant of dwarf and distinct habit. The flavour is 
not considered equal to the true QUEEN, but the variety is 
favoured in some parts. SyN. Bennett's Seedling. 
PINE-APPLE FLOWER. A common name for 
Eucomis punctata. 
PINE-APPLE SPRUCE GALL. 
Pine-apple Gall. 
PINE BARK BEETLES. Numerous species of 
small beetles (never exceeding zin. in length, and usually 
not over zin. or şin.) live below the bark of Fir-trees 
and other Conifers. They have a great general simi- 
larity in appearance, the body being usually nearly 
cylindrical, or slightly flattened from above downwards; 
the wing-cases are rounded down at the hinder end and 
See Spruce 
Fig. 156. Toutcus LARICISs (much enlarged), 
along the sides (see Fig. 156). The colour is a shade 
of brown, sometimes approaching pitchy-black; but it is 
often modified by a coating of short hairs of a different 
hue. The females burrow through the bark, and form a 
tunnel between it and the wood, a task facilitated by 
their form. The burrows vary greatly in details, each 
species of beetle forming its own characteristic and 
easily-recognised type of burrow. Along the sides of 
this the eggs are placed at intervals; and the larvæ, as 
soon as hatched, make burrows for themselves, usually 
diverging from that of the mother in such a way as 
‘to avoid interfering with each other. They have no 
legs, are fleshy, and are nearly white in colour. They 
become pupæ generally in their tunnels, and the beetles 
emerge from them about June and July, or 
there may be two broods. For egg-laying, 
they almost always select trees in an un- 
do little real harm to forests; but, in 
the case of ornamental Conifers, they may, 
at times, destroy choice plants that, but 
for this additional foe, might have re- 
covered. A number of the species found 
in this country, e.g., Hylesinus ater, H. 
opacus, Tomicus bidentatus, and T. Laricis 
(see Fig. 156), as beetles, have been ob- 
served to injure the Firs and other Coni- 
fers by gnawing the bark of young shoots ; 
and they are known to kill young plants, 
even up to the tenth year of growth, by 
stripping the bark from the base of the 
stem. Others, and among these notably 
Hylesinus piniperda, bore into young twigs, 
and eat out the pith in the centre, from 
the base towards the tip. The twigs die, 
dry up, and fall off, frequently in con- 
siderable numbers. If the leading shoots have been 
pierced, the form and value of the tree are largely affected. 
The genera and species of Bark Beetles are so much 
alike that the distinctive characters are recognisable 
only by practised entomologists: hence, it is vain to 
attempt to give descriptions of the many species that are 
to be met with on Firs and other Conifere in Britain. 
healthy state: hence, their ravages as larvæ 
