AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
Pine Bark Beetles—continued. 
Remedies. The Beetles prefer to lay their eggs under 
the bark of tree-stumps, cut branches, brushwood, &c.: 
hence, it is advisable to remove and burn all such refuse, 
without delay, except so much as may be left as a trap to 
attract the females; and this also should be burned after 
the purpose is served. The traps should be renewed every 
three or four weeks, while the Beetles are out, ie., from 
early spring till the end of July, and again in late autumn, 
since some species appear in autumn, and hybernate. All 
diseased plants, if small, should be uprooted and burned. 
Badly-diseased trees, if too large to be entirely burned, 
should have the bark stripped off and burned. It is 
hardly possible to do anything to preserve a tree that 
has been severely attacked, more especially as it is almost 
always suffering from other causes; and the better course 
is to uproot and destroy all such trees at once. If the 
attack is slight, and the tree is a valuable one, it may be 
r possible to stop the evil by measures to promote the 
D growth of the tree, thereby rendering it unsuited to the 
4 taste of the insects. An insecticide, such as Gishurst’s 
Compound or petroleum, may also be injected into such 
-~ holes as can be discovered in the bark, in order to 
destroy the beetles or larve in them. 
BEAUTY. See Pyxidanthera 
barbulata. 
PINE, BLACK. See Pinus austriaca. 
PINE BUD MOTH, or PINE BUD TORTRIX. 
See Retinia. 
PINE, CLUSTER. See Pinus Pinaster. 
_ PINE, DAMMAR. See Dammara. 
PINE, KAURI. See Dammara australis. 
PINELLIA (a commemorative name, given to this 
genus by Tenore). Syns. Atherurus, Hemicarpurus. 
ORD. Aroidew (Aracee). A genus comprising three or 
four species of hardy, tuberous herbs, natives of North 
China and Japan. Flowers all fertile; spathe mar- 
cescent, the tube convolute, the blade oblong and con- 
cave; spadix naked at base, the appendix worm-like, 
elon 1, exserted; peduncle solitary. Leaves tri- or 
~ pedati-sect, membranous; segments oblong-lanceolate or 
elliptic, acute; petioles elongated, sometimes bearing 
gum at apex. The species described below thrives in 
any sandy, well-drained border. It is readily propa- 
gated by division during winter, or at any time before 
growth has too far advanced. 
P. tuberifera (tube-bearing). fl., spathe with a narrow-cylin- 
drical tube and an oblong ina; spadix with a filiform 
appendage, twice as long as the lamina of the spathe. l, adults 
trisected; segments oblong-elliptic, acute at both ends, the 
middle one nearly or quite twice the size of the lateral ones; 
_ petioles bearing tubercles. Japan, &c. 
- PINE LOPHYRUS. Se Pine Sawflies. 
PINE, MORETON BAY. A common name for 
Araucaria Bidwillii. © 
PINE, NORFOLK ISLAND. See Araucaria 
excelsa. 
PINE SAWFLIES. Under Lophyrus and Lyda 
will be found some general remarks on the Sawflies that 
belong to these genera. The species are all more or less 
hurtful to Conifers, but Lophyrus Pini is the one generally 
denoted by the name of Pine Sawfly. The insects are 
heavy-bodied, with four transparent wings, which often 
Show a play of iridescent colours. In the male they 
reach about $in., and in the female about ŝin., in their 
expanse. The male is black. The female is pale yellowish- 
white, with black head, antenne, and breast; and the 
back between the wings, and a large patch on the ab- 
= domen, are black. The eggs are laid on the leaves, in 
_ slits made by the females. The larvæ feed in company, 
eating the leaves from the tips downwards, and also 
Pine Sawflies—continued. 
gnawing the bark of the young twigs, and thus doi 
great damage to the Scotch Fir. They are usually light 
greenish-yellow in colour, more rarely pale yellow, or dark 
green above, and are sprinkled with minute black granules. 
The head is brown, with dark spots. When full-fed, the 
larvee crawl under moss and leaves, or into crevices, and 
spin oval cocoons, about zin. long, of very compact 
texture, and usually dull brown in colour. 
The other Sawflies most injurious to Firs and to other 
Conifers in Britain, are the following: Lophyrus frutetorum, 
L. sertiferus (L. rufa), and L. virens; and of the genus 
Lyda the most hurtful are L. erythrocephalus, L. nemorum, 
and L. stellatus. In their general appearance and habits, 
they agree with Lophyrus Pini, differing only in minor 
details. It is unnecessary to enter into descriptions of 
the different species, since they are so much alike; the 
same means of destruction may be employed against all 
of them. 
Remedies. Moss, loose bark, and other débris, amongst 
which the cocoons are spun, should be collected and 
burned. The larvæ may be hand-picked from the branches, 
or crushed on them, with good results. Naphtha and 
solutions of Hellebore have also been directed upon them 
successfully. They may be shaken from larger trees, and 
crushed under foot; or they may be prevented from re- 
ascending by putting a belt of any sticky compound 
round the stems of the trees. . 
PINE; SCREW. See Pandanus. 
PINE STRAWBERRY. See 
lensis grandiflora. 
PINE WEEVILS. Hylobius Abietis is a beetle 
very hurtful to the Scotch Fir, and to various other 
Conifers, as it feeds, in the perfect state, on the bark of 
the young shoots. It is seldom very destructive in 
gardens, or in pleasure-grounds, but does most harm 
amongst young trees growing in the neighbourhood of 
recently-felled plantations, where brushwood, &c., has 
been lying about for some time. The beetles are şin. 
to zin. long, dull black, with scattered tufts of yellow 
hairs. The thorax is narrowed in front, and the head 
is small, and bears a decurved proboscis, on which are 
the antenn, abruptly elbowed at the tip of the long 
first or basal joint. The wing-cases are rough, with 
lines of pits and tubercles, and there are numerous small 
pits on the head. The beetles appear from May to July. 
They gnaw the buds and the bark of the twigs, inter- 
fering, in this way, with the development of the trees. 
The eggs are laid in crevices on stumps of Firs, on logs, 
and on cut branches; and the white, legless larvæ, on 
hatching, burrow into the wood, and feed on if, making 
galleries that increase in size with their own growth. 
At the end of the burrow, a cocoon is formed, by the 
full-fed larva, of the fragments gnawed by it in making 
the gallery. Here, in spring, it becomes a pupa, in which 
state it passes about four weeks. 
Pissodes notatus and P. Pint belong to a genus closely 
allied to Hylobius, and are not less hurtful. They are, how- 
ever, easily known from that genus by having the antennæ 
in the middie of the narrowed beak, while Hylobius has 
them situated quite near its tip. The thorax also is 
broader compared with the wing-cases. Both species 
of Pissodes are rather smaller than Hylobius Abietis. 
In general appearance and colour, they agree not a little 
with that beetle. They are of a pitchy-brown colour, 
but this is modified by a coating of yellowish-white 
scales or hairs, more conspicuous in certain parts. 
Their general appearance is shown in Fig. 157. Both 
are about zin. long. The larve of P. notatus live 
under the bark of living trees of good size; and those 
of P. Pini in old stumps, &c., making winding galleries, 
in which, when full-fed, they spin oval cocoons of frag- 
ments of wood and silk. The beetles emerge from July 
Fragaria chi- 
„ 
